Real hourly wages were calculated from these nominal hourly wages, by dividing them by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the year, then multiplying the result by 100. Twenty-two per cent of women who were away during the work week listed family responsibilities as the cause, compared with only 9.3% of men (Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2017). Please contact us and let us know how we can help you. It is also symbolic of gender-based discrimination and injustice (Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2019). They are concentrated in the lowest paying and most precarious of caring jobs (Canadian Womens Foundation, 2020). If you are an employer or manager, support and approve the discussion of salaries. The risk of falling into poverty means that women are sometimes forced to stay in abusive relationships, despite the danger (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2012). Here are its recommendations. To bridge the gender pay gap, we as a society must address racial and gender discrimination, eliminate double standards at home and at work, and be more transparent with pay. Additional Statistics Canada data are available on the following subject: Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other institutions. These industries, most of which have a higher percentage of working women than men, would be the biggest offenders according to the 2022 Gender Pay Gap Report by Payscale: The reason? As I mentioned, it impacts all life stages . As a result, jobs requiring employees to work long hours produce some of the largest wage gaps.. A 2019 report found that the motherhood earnings gap persists for at least five years after women return to work following the birth of a child. His work has been featured in publications such as Forbes Advisor, Bankrate, Credit Karma, Finance Buzz, The Ascent and Student Loan Planner. The gender pay gap for full-time employees is 0.90, which means women make 90 cents of every dollar men make. It will put into place long-term, sustainable changes that will ensure that women's work is valued and compensated fairly, now and into the future. Paternity leave also balances the weight of domestic duties and childcare, thereby reducing the pressure for women to accommodate family life at the expense of their careers. Ineffective equal pay legislation, womens overall paid working hours, and barriers to entry into the labor market are all factors that contribute to pay disparities (such as education level and single parenting rate). The study focused on white men due to pay gaps between racialized and white men (Fuller and Cooke, 2018). The second suggestion is for job listings to indicate the pay range for the role which should prevent women from asking for too little when negotiating for a job. The pay gap indicator is based on the self-reported usual hourly wages of paid employees aged 25 to 54 at their main job. Take maternity leave, for example. Pay gaps also exist among visible minority groups. Generally, this is the most straightforward strategy to eliminate the Gender Pay Gap. Women have less experience than men since they work fewer hours. From 2018 to 2021 the largest contributor to the decline in the pay gap was industry of employment, followed by occupation, and educational attainment. Employers can also be transparent about salary ranges before hiring, and share pay information with their employees. Another example of wage disparities is a report from Robyn Doolittle, a writer for the Globe and Mail who reported that in February, women made 25% less than their male peers who made $200,000. According to a recent report on the gender wage gap from The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and Oxfam Canada, working full-time Aboriginal women made 26 per cent less than non-Aboriginal men, while women of colour made 32 per cent less than non-racialized men. This 18% . In 1998, the gender pay gap stood at a bleak 18.8%. This factor causes them to fall behind in the labor market. Respondents are asked to report their wage/salary before taxes and other deductions, and include tips and commissions. Toll Free: 1-866-293-4483 The pay gap between core-aged Black employees and non-visible minority employees was 16.1%. The Toronto Star, a news site, suggested four steps to eliminate the wage gap. Women who graduate university with a bachelors degree earn an average of $69,063 annually, while men who graduate with a bachelors degree earn $97,761 (Statistics Canada, 2016). France had the lowest gap at 11.6%. Women are often blamed for the gender pay gap Some people argue it's women who need to ask for a pay rise or push themselves forward in order to get ahead. While still grim, these numbers have been showing improvement. While these trends are associated with a reduction in gender differences in pay in Canada, women aged 15/16 years and older earned from $0.69 to $0.89 for every dollar earned by men in 2017, depending on how the gender pay gap is measured. According to Statistics Canada womxn workers in Canada earned an average of 84 cents for every dollar earned by men in 2019. This requirement also contributed to female professors getting more raises. Skeptics of the gender pay gap exist, even though there's extensive research proving it's real. Average hourly wages may differ between some groups for a variety of reasons, including the level of educational attainment, work experience, industry of job, occupation or the share of part-time employment. Whether this is because employers see fathers as harder working or more committed than non-fathers is up for debate and further study, but the fact remains that career costs of parenthood are largely placed on women (Agopsowicz, RBC Economics Research). There have also been several studies that show that providing more flexible working hours may benefit organizations by increasing employee engagement and productivity. The LFS estimates are based on a sample and are therefore subject to sampling variability. For this study, CPI=100 in 2021, meaning that results are presented in 2021 constant dollars. By using this website, you accept our Terms and Conditions. When she isn't writing, you can find her practicing yoga or watching horror movies. A short section on pay gaps among population groups designated as visible minorities is also included. But Fox says solutions should focus on organisations taking responsibility rather than placing the onus on women to be more assertive and haggle for a raise. Data from the year 2018 from Statistics Canada displayed the economic disparities between women and men. The Ontario Equal Pay Coalition has been working to resolve the gender wage gap. However, regardless of their genuine talents and skills, women frequently underestimate their ability to meet the academic/professional standards necessary to thrive in a given position. Generally, the gender wage gap can be an economic issue as it tends to make women rely more on welfare assistance, especially during old age. Any time you click to our partner websites or register for a product or services through an affiliate link on our website, we may earn a commission at ZERO cost to you. Wages grew faster for core-aged women than for core-aged men over this period. For the third step, the Toronto Star recommended that is for job listings not include present-day or preceding wages as it is not important to employees. Subscribe to CNBC: cnb.cx/SubscribeCNBC About CNBC: From 'Wall Street' to 'Main Street' to award winning original documentaries and Reality TV series, CNBC has you covered. What is the impact of the gender pay gap in academia over the course of a career and retirement? Men do not face similar penalties after becoming fathersin fact, they tend to experience an increase in earnings. Overall, a lifetime of pay inequality between women and men means that women are disproportionately retiring into financial insufficiency and even poverty (Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2019). This brings us to how we can eliminate gender gap payment. The majority of the gender pay gap worldwide opens up around the time of the birth of the first child. What is the Federal Government doing to reduce the gender pay gap in Canada? If your employer is unable to reach your salary expectationsand even if theyre able toinquire about a bonus or more vacation time. It impacts all parts of our lives, including employment and compensation. The reality that women earn less after becoming parents is connected to job shifts for positions with more family-friendly hours and policies. Finally, in its 10-year analysis, Statistics Canada (2018) notes that nearly two-thirds of the studied gender pay gap is unexplained. The report finds that women in Canada earn. Traditional womens work tends to pay less than traditional mens work. Jobs seen as womens work can be undervalued because they parallel domestic work women are expected to do for free (Ontario Equal Pay Coalition). The awareness brought to the gender pay gap in the last few years has been a great step in helping to address it. Here's how to convince the deniers. Moreover, they can prioritize pay audits to reduce their gender pay gap, as done by companies like Salesforce and Intel. For more information on the Labour Force Survey (LFS) methodology and population coverage, please consult the Guide to the Labour Force Survey, 2020. Whats in it for us? Join the Financial Literacy Train. And men are highly represented in trades, manufacturing, and natural and applied sciences, which tend to be well-compensated and more likely to benefit from union protections (Statistics Canada, 2022). Gender pay gaps in the Canadian health sector are narrowing, but employment loss during the COVID-19 pandemic affected women more than men, according to a new report.. A global analysis by the . Many of the women working in these sectors are racialized, immigrant, migrant, and/or undocumented. The earnings gaps between sexual minorities and heterosexual men were substantial: heterosexual men were found to earn the most ($55,959), followed by gay men ($50,822), lesbian women ($44,740), bisexual men ($31,776), and bisexual women ($25,290) (Social Research and Demonstration Corporation, 2021). Spread its campaign materials regarding the gender wage gap on social media. Unfortunately, the gender pay gap, or difference in income between women and men, persists. Occupations are coded according to the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016, while industry coding is based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017. Weekly and hourly wages/salaries are calculated on the basis of usual paid work hours per week. Introduction Gender Pay Gap also referred to as Gender wage gap, gender income difference or male-female income difference refers to the difference between the earning of men and women (Victoria, 2006). The most recent Statistics data of Canada shows that the gender wage gap in Ontario is 28% for full time and full year workers. Flexible employment allows women to undertake caring or childcare tasks while still keeping a profession and an income. Gender Wage Gap. Since its beginning in 1976, it had a role in promoting increases in the minimum wage, restoring the province of Ontarios Employment Equity Act and encouraging the Pay Equity Act. Womens higher rate of part-time work, which has lower average wages than full-time work, also contributed notably to the gender wage gap in 2021. The difference between these two numbers can be attributed to, once again, double standards. According to a Pay Equity Strategist at Payscale, the gender pay gap in these industries can be attributed to lower representation of women in more senior, higher-paid roles as well as gender stereotypes around womens proficiency in math and science. Also referred to as the wage gap, the gender pay gap is the average compensation difference between working-class men and women. Despite earning degrees and working in fields having a much higher income, women are still earning half of their male counterparts instead of earning the same amount. Despite the slight growth, the gender wage gap in Canada is still present. The UNs Human Rights Committee (2015) has raised concerns about persisting inequalities between women and men in Canada, including the high level of the pay gap and its disproportionate effect on low-income women, racialized women, and Indigenous women. Due to rounding, estimates and percentages may differ slightly between different Statistics Canada products, such as analytical documents and data tables. According toself-reported survey statistics, women continue to earn 23% lower total income (pre-tax pay and other compensation) than men. Demand transparency laws for pay. The wage gap is calculated as: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, 1998 to 2021 and Labour Force Survey Supplement, 2021. Three high-paying and male-dominated sectors in particular have contributed to the pay gap between 1998 to 2018: construction, manufacturing, and mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. Women in low-paid, precarious work situations may face steeper barriers after becoming mothers as the same level of job flexibility is not available to them (Scoffield, 2019). The gender pay gap is everywhere, but it targets women at every race cohort differently. And this, in combination with other gendered stressors, takes a personal toll. It is a widely recognized indicator of gender inequities, and it exists across industries and professional levels. National Office: 1920 Yonge St., Suite 302, Toronto, Ontario M4S 3E2, Canadian Womens Foundation More men (87%) are employed full-time than women (75.6%). Overall, 21% of women and gender-diverse people feel taken advantage of at work25% for those who are Indigenous, 25% for those with a physical disability, 28% of those with another disability, 25% for those aged 18 to 34, and 34% for those who identify as 2SLGBTQI+. Ultimately, a side hustle is about you, not others. Many trades environments are unwelcoming to women, with barriers to entry ranging from lack of mentorship opportunities to a culture of rejecting workers who must leave by 5pm for childcare responsibilities. Beginning in January 1997, information is collected on the usual wages or salaries of employees at their main job. The first step is to inspect how wages differ between men and women who work in similar jobs. Although the gender gap in hourly wages declined from 1998 to 2021 among employees in Canada, male employees continued to have higher hourly earnings than female employees in 2021. Generally, the wage gap can be measured differently, although the most prominent method is evaluating the full-time, full-year wages. More information on the analysis of the gender pay gap can be found in the publication: The gender wage gap in Canada: 1998 to 2018. Men are also well represented in higher-paid sectors and jobs compared to women. In 2021, female employees earned 11.1% less per hour than male employees, with the wage gap little changed compared with 2020. Nonetheless, most gender pay gaps are not calculated based on their types. The gender pay gap can be measured in different ways. On June 1, 2022, Canada requires employees to submit income data indicating the wage gap. Fathers may also receive higher salaries than childless men, as found by a study of more than 18,000 men between 1999 and 2005. According to Statistics Canada, three high-paying and male-dominated sectors in particular have contributed to the gender pay gap between 1998 to 2018: construction, manufacturing, and mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. As a result, women prefer to pick lower-paying occupations since they have more flexibility in their schedules than males. So far, the gender gap pay is the sad reality of many working-class women. The gender pay gap refers to the difference in average earnings of people based on gender. In many workplace environments, employees refrain from speaking about their salaries for fear of reprisal from their employers. Read the pros and cons here. Demographic changes, the women's liberation movement . Many societal and economic factors contribute to the gender pay gap, like industrial distribution and unconscious bias. The professor of Business Law at the University of Central Oklahoma stated that maternity leaves contribute to lack of salary and career interruption for women, and thus widen the gender pay gap. Women have always been the ones who quit employment temporarily to care for their children. We may alter brand placements on our website to amplify our partners and their offers. Its illegal to pay women less than men in Canadaand has been for decades. Sixty-four per cent of management jobs are occupied by men, compared to the 35.6% occupied by women. Motherhood might have an impact on employment choices as well. However, our team strives to bring you quality, unbiased information. Men with disabilities aged 15 or older who worked mainly full-time in 2010 reported $45,080 of personal income, on average (Burlock, Statistics Canada, 2017). Weve rounded up the Best life in Canada, with the best promotions, and the best sign-up bonuses, to help you maximize your benefits. Product News and Recommendations Senior Editor. For more information, see: The gender wage gap in Canada: 1998 to 2018. Nearly three-quarters of people in Canadaincluding 81% of womensay they would be comfortable with their salary being made public if it could reveal unfair discrepancies between men and womens wages (McIntyre, 2018). On average, women working full time, full year earn 75 cents for every dollar earned by men. Prompt companies to offer sufficient paternity leave and encourage fathers to take that paternity leave. Every year, the Ontario Equal Pay Coalition and gender justice organizations and advocates mark Equal Pay Day, which symbolizes how far into the year the average woman must work in order to have earned what the average man had earned the entire previous year. Photo: Wikipedia Commons, The Borgen Project is an incredible nonprofit organization that is addressing poverty and hunger and working towards ending them., https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.jpg, How Indias Waste Management System is Causing Health Issues. The topic attracts significant investor interest, and regulation is also increasing, meaning this is both a brand and financial issue (Baker McKenzie). Equitable pay-related legislation includes the Pay Equity Act, which applies to some federally-regulated employers and parliamentary institutions, the Employment Equity Act, the Canadian Human Rights Act, and various provincial and territorial human rights laws (Ontario Equal Pay Coalition). Every province/territory in Canada has aquasi-constitutional human rights codethat outlaws gender discrimination. The gap widens even further for racialized women, who make about 32% less than non-visible minority women (Longpr-Verret and Richards, Statistics Canada, 2021). Doing so will display the unjust reality of what women go through despite having the qualifications to work. It also addresses current challenges and issues related to gender in Canada. Recent Ontario analyses highlight the gender pay gap within specialties. For every dollar a man receives, a woman earns 87 cents, which is a difference of $4.13 per hour if a man makes $31.05 and a woman makes $26.92. Use of this publication is governed by the Statistics Canada Open Licence Agreement. There are different ways of measuring the gap, but no matter how you measure it, the gap still exists. Given Canadas rapidly aging population, this is another cause for concern (The Vanier Institute of the Family, 2017). Avid researcher, freelance writer, and personal finance enthusiast passionate about financial education and literacy. Immigrant Economic and Social Outcomes in Canada: Research and Data Development at Statistics Canada. Several states also have laws preventing public and private sector companies from compensating men and women differently for essentially equivalent work. In addition, eligible women should be given equal opportunities to get promotions and benefits. Another factor in the overall pay gap is that more women than men work part-time (Statistics Canada, 2022). Other factors that can contribute to the gender pay gap in Canada include: Since womens family obligations seem to have a longer-term impact on working mothers wages, encouraging a fair allocation for childcare obligations between the two parents and more engagement by fathers would be beneficial. Whats the scope of the gender pay gap in Canada? Womens higher rate of part-time work contributed notably to the gender wage gap in 2021, because part-time work offers lower pay, less job security, and fewer benefits than full-time employment. Women work part-time for several reasons, including lack of affordable childcare and family leave policies, along with social pressure to carry the bulk of domestic responsibilities (Schirle and Sogaolu, 2020). According to Statistics Canada (2022), as of 2021, the gender pay gap for full-time and part-time employees is 0.89, which means women make 89 cents of every dollar men make. Under this Act, employers must create a pay equity plan that compares the compensation between predominantly female and male job classes doing work of equal or comparable value. Hourly wages are used rather than weekly earnings or annual income, in order to avoid comparing different quantities of work. Chrissy is a freelance writer and editor who is passionate about making financial education accessible. That's a 25 per cent gender pay gap. This would help create a more even playing field for women, as men could relieve the career disruption women face when taking care of children. Over this period, the share of men working in construction (-0.6 percentage points to 11.9%) and manufacturing (-1.3 percentage points to 14.3%) declined. It is a widely recognized indicator of women's economic equality, and is measured by comparing annual earnings of women full-time, year round, to working men. It impacts all life stages. Yes, I want to take action and make a difference! Heres how to manage it. Encourage political candidates to advocate for womens rights. The implementation of the Pay Equity Act is an important part of the Government of Canada's commitment to close the gender wage gap and ensure that workers receive equal pay for work of equal value. 89 cents Women are concentrated in underpaid, precarious occupations involving the 5 Cs: caring, clerical, catering, cashiering, and cleaning. Send a letter to an editor to help raise awareness about the issue. The information provided on this website does not constitute financial or professional advice. For this portion, possible explanations include gender differences in work experience, as well as unobservable factors, such as any gender-related biases.. Recessions impact everyone. How to survive a recession: A guide for making the most of your money during a difficult time. Research shows that women who have children generally pay a price when it comes to salary, while men may benefit from becoming fathers. The ability to openly discuss compensation can bring awareness to any form of discrimination, be it conscious or unconscious. One of the ways we get rewarded is via ads and affiliates. The way that customers view women lawyers may influence their success in the workplace as well. The Canadian Womens Foundation (2020) found that only 27% of women and gender-diverse people report being paid equally to their peers. Have confidence in what you can do, put in the work, and watch the magic happen. Its not always about paying equal salariesreducing the gender pay gap also has a lot to do with increasing the representation of women at all levels, including more senior positions, as well as improving pay transparency to combat unconscious bias. While the above-noted factors were important, nearly two-thirds of the gender wage gap in 2021 was unexplained by standard controls for human capital, job attributes, occupation and industry, and demographics. Iceland has the lowest gender pay gap, followed by Norway, Sweden, and Finland. On the other hand, Yemen has the highest gender pay gap, followed by Pakistan, Iraq, and Syria. He frequently writes about credit cards, banking, student loans, insurance, travel rewards and more. According to an Ontario Government report, women with the same experience, socio-economic and demographic background earn approximately $7,200 less than their male counterparts per year (Gender Wage Gap Strategy Sterring Committee, 2015). On average, women must work 15 and a half months to earn what a man does in 12 months. It means that when a male worker is to earn $1.00, a female worker is to earn only 72 cents. percentage of white mens earnings that racialized women make, on average, 16% Economic activity, working hours, and job duration are some of the variables that contribute majorly to the gender pay gap in Canada. When the Pay Equity Act was passed in 1987, the gender wage gap was 36%. Among employees aged 25 to 54, the gender wage gap decreased 7.7 percentage points to 11.1% from 1998 to 2021. It gets even more grim when you break it down by actual numbers: According to the Federal Government, a woman earned 89 cents for every dollar a man made. It is also important from a talent perspective, as candidates may view it as a indicator of whether the employer has an inclusive culture that will provide a level playing field in terms of opportunity. Occupational segregation with more men in higher-paying industries and fewer women in same the industries, Vertical segregation fewer women in prominent and well-paying positions. 374 Words 2 Pages. Last year, women in the core working age of 25-54 working full-time over the full year earned 82 per cent of what their male . There has been a narrowing of the gender pay gap over time. The following analysis focuses on the gender gap in the self-reported gross hourly wages of employees in the core working ages of 25 to 54, as captured by the Labour Force Survey (LFS). When it comes to provinces within Canada, some are doing a better job than others. Among women aged 15 or older who worked mainly full-time in 2010, those with disabilities reported $37,070 of after-tax personal income, on average, which was $2,250 less than same-aged women without disabilities. The gap is wider than 25 per cent for women who face multiple forms of discrimination, including Indigenous women, women with disabilities, newcomer women, and racialized women. What is a Small Business Deduction in Canada? While more women are joining the trades now compared to a decade ago, there is still a long way to go. The gender wage gap leaves women at a disadvantage, making it harder to pay bills or have savings for unexpected emergencies. This could partially be a result of the fact that more of womens time is taken up with unpaid work than men. Get the latest financial information delivered right to your inbox. Since women take maternity leave almost twice as much as men do, they are disproportionately affected. Build your investment portfolio and save on fees. Pay transparency can be a useful tool to help close pay gaps. The conditions for getting promotions and benefits should be stated plainly to avoid misunderstandings. How is the gender pay gap different for groups? While the gender pay gap and pay equity are related, they are not interchangeable. Women are more vulnerable to low income than men in Canada, partially due to the gender pay gap (Fox and Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2018). According to an ADP and Leger (2021) self-report survey, womens pre-tax salaries remain 21% lower than mens, while additional variable compensation, such as bonuses, profit-sharing or equity agreements, are where disparity surges, with Canadian working women earning 43% less in additional compensation compared to men in 2020.. Picot, G. 2008. Jacara Watkins Your email address will not be published. It is recommendable to be fair and honest when evaluating how your company pays staff and other benefit packages for employees, not forgetting its method to calculate wage increment. In fact, the Harvard Business Review found women to experience a 15% success rate in asking for raises, while men had a 20% success rate. The Ontario Equal Pay Coalition focuses on the average annual earnings because it addresses the full picture of womens economic inequality. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. In university and colleges, transparency laws can reduce the gender wage gap by 2.2 to 2.4 percentage points, particularly in unionized settings (Baker et al., Statistics Canada, 2019). Unconscious bias occurs when a person believes a stereotype about a group of people, even without realizing it. Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued co-operation and goodwill. Moyser and Burlock, Statistics Canada, 2018, Institute for Gender and the Economy (2019), Longpr-Verret and Richards, Statistics Canada, 2021, Pelletier et al., Statistics Canada, 2018, Social Research and Demonstration Corporation, 2021, Macdonald, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2018, Gender Wage Gap Strategy Sterring Committee, 2015, Institute for Womens Policy Research, 2020, Indigenous women working full-time, full year earn an average of 35% less than non-Indigenous men, or 65 cents to the dollar (, racialized women working full-time, full-year earn an average of 33% less than non-racialized men, or 67 cents to the dollar (, newcomer women working full-time, full-year earn an average of 29% less than non-newcomer men, or 71 cents to the dollar (. Learn more about how interest is calculated on savings and loans. When employers are open about their payscales and criteria for evaluating raises and promotions, employees can make informed decisions about whether they are being paid fairly and whether it is appropriate to negotiate for a higher salary or promotion. This coalition is a collection of trade unions and other organizations that promote pay equity for employees including women. Women must feel empowered to negotiate their compensation or ask for raises without fear of coming off as too aggressive. Experts recommend women research average salaries for their current position, and to save evidence of clients or coworkers praising their work to use as the basis for requesting a raise. If youre thinking of retiring early, theres plenty to consider. The gender wage gap in Canada is a major problem with the salary for women being 12.1% less than their male counterparts. In 2020, Canadian working-class women generated 43% less in other compensation than their male counterparts. The distribution of male and female employees across industries plays a key role in explaining this gap, particularly the higher proportion of men working in highly paid industries such as construction. Though it differs by age group, the gap starts from a young age and carries into the senior years (Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2019). The European Union defines the Gender Pay gap as the difference between men and women's hourly earnings (OECD, 2012). This was even more obvious during the pandemic when more women were forced to quit their jobs and stay at home to take care of children in the absence of schools and daycares. . In addition, a deliberate effort should be made to ensure that both men and women are in a position to make more informed employment decisions. Canada Buzz is a purely informational blog. The circumstance of how women are socialized to accept certain kinds of work could potentially lead them to make less money. Can't find what you're looking for? Follow these links for more information on our Privacy Policy, Accessibility Policy and Multi-Year Accessibility Plan. For every dollar a man receives, a woman earns 87 cents, which is a difference of $4.13 per hour if a man makes $31.05 and a woman makes $26.92. But if we were to break down the gender pay gap by industry, you would be surprised to know male-dominated are not actually the worst offenders. But job shifting may only be an option only for mothers in middle- to upper-level positions. She is also a communications advisor for the Ontario Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines. Institute for Gender and the Economy (2019) says: People looking to get ahead in their jobs must often work long hours, but the gendered allocation of family responsibilities prevents women from being able to do this. Interest can help you build wealth, but it can also add to your debt load. Highlights In 2018, female employees aged 25 to 54 earned $4.13 (or 13.3%) less per hour, on average, than their male counterparts. Three bold steps that companies and government can take to help close the gender pay gap are: ongoing audits of compensation and gendered advancement opportunities; prioritization of workplace flexibility, especially for mothers and caregivers; and implementation of pay transparency policies (Canadian Womens Foundation, 2019). But practices, structures, and cultural factors work together to maintain gendered pay gaps and unfairness in pay. Women spend an average of 3.6 hours or 15% of their day on unpaid domestic and care work compared to the average of 2.4 hours or 10% of the day that men that spend on unpaid work (Statistics Canada, 2019). Women are working more than ever, yet continue to make more career adjustments to accommodate family life than men. Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, no. Canada Buzz is a purely informational blog. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry, 2022. Transparency comes to play when it comes to audits. In the present article, the analysis is restricted to the 23-year period of 1998 to 2021. Evidence shows that diverse organizations outperform their peers. While clearly not enough to eradicate the gender pay gap overnight, its a good first step to ensure transparency and equal pay. This is the case even in some of the worlds most equal societies, like Scandinavia (Kaplan, 2018). Todays women are more educated, more confident, more motivated, so they could have same career's position like men in society, even though equal payment still has not reached in many countries even in a developed county such as Canada. Registered Charity #12985-5607-RR0001. The perception that women cant handle the responsibility of a high-stress, senior position could also result in unconscious bias when hiring for executive positions. Not to worry, in this blog we share personal finance tips specific to these times. When comparing the median salary between men and women, a 2021 report from Payscale reports that women earn 82 cents for every dollar men make. The pay gap is greatest among employees in the trades, where on average women earn $32,500 and men earn $40,500 25 per cent more. The way others treat women in the law firm impacts their wages in that in corporate law, they may end up with tasks like research letters rather than legal documents. The earnings gap is wider and lasts longer for women in the 25 to 29 age range than those who have children later. With continued awareness and education, support for women to ask for more, balanced family responsibilities, removal of unconscious bias, greater pay transparency, and acceptance of women in trade roles, North America has a chance at closing the gender pay gap. This study is funded by the Department for Women and Gender Equality Canada. The pandemic made the gender pay gap worse, especially for women of color. All rights reserved. what women working full-time and part-time make for every dollar men make, 59.3% The gender wage gap in Canada between men and women is due to several factors including gender roles in the workplace and how employers advertise job listings. In contrast, Chinese employees aged 25 to 54 ($33.83) earned about the same per hour as non-visible minority employees ($33.44). Here is some information about the gender wage gap in Canada and some suggestions on how to eliminate it. Statistics Canada (2019) notes that you can calculate the gender pay gap by comparing average annual earnings, comparing full-time and full-year average annual earnings, or hourly wages. Women are typically observed to be underpaid in comparison to their male counterparts. A starting wage gap of less than $9,000 resulted in a $300,000-$400,000 gender wage gap over the course . This percentage is the 'pay advantage' percentage that a male has compared to a woman. Still, wage gaps occur across all sectors and all education levels (Lambert and McInturff, 2016). The gender pay gap is an issue that is not unique only to Canada; globally, there is a gender pay gap in different workforces. Data from the year 2018 from Statistics Canada displayed the economic disparities between women and men. Women are typically observed to be underpaid in comparison to their male counterparts. In 1970, the UK had a 47.6% difference between the median earnings of men and women, while as of 2016, the difference was 16.8%. As the Canadian Womens Foundation reported in 1950, about 21.6% between the age range of 25 to 54 had employment. Women workers are also more likely to be employed in lower-wage occupations and lower-paid industries (Schirle and Sogaolu, 2020). Credit card debt is at an all time high amid inflation. The industrial distribution of female and male employees plays a key role in explaining this gap, particularly the over-representation of men in the more highly paid industries of construction, manufacturing, and mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. Gender refers to the characteristics associated with women/girls and men/boys. Opinions expressed on this blog are NOT endorsed by the reviewed brands. Overall, the problem of gender pay gap goes deeper than being just an economic issueits a social issue that arises from the deep-rooted unequal distribution of responsibility and unconscious bias leading to systemic gender discrimination. Heres everything you need to know before you buy a policy. A 2020 report on average and median gender wage ratios calculated based on average hourly wages by Statistics Canada ranks Canadian provinces in the following order: Studies show that while women make disproportionately less money than men, women of colour make even less than white women. The difference in gross hourly earnings between sub-population groups can be a partial indicator of the degree of equal opportunity or discrimination in the labour market. Other ways you can calculate the gender wage gap include comparing annual earnings for both full-time and part-time workers and evaluating the hourly wages for full-time and part-time workers. Research shows that when women make up a large percentage of a specific industry, the wages they get paid tend to fall (Levanon et al., 2009). There are some factors that related . While bridging the racial gender pay gap warrants a new article altogether, you can start by bringing awareness to the issue within and beyond your organization, encouraging pay transparency, supporting women of colour when negotiating salaries, and providing sponsorship and mentorship opportunities dedicated to women of colour. It has been reduced gradually over time. The information provided on this website does not constitute financial or professional advice. After a male lawyer sent emails with his female coworkers signature, he found that clients were more difficult and required more explanation than when he signed emails with his own name. An analysis of data from the Ontario Medical Association showed that, on average, male family physicians earn 30% more and male specialists earn 40% more than their female counterparts.32 Moreover, men earn more than women within every specialty ().A more sophisticated cross-sectional analysis of billing data showed that . The gender pay gap persists even though women now outnumber men in pursuing university degrees (Statistics Canada, 2021). Despite the 1987 Pay Equity Act, the Gender Wage Gap is still prevalent in Canada. The gender wage gap is the difference in average hourly earnings between men and women expressed as a proportion of mens average hourly earnings. However, our team strives to bring you quality, unbiased information. For every dollar a man receives, a woman earns 87 cents, which is a difference of $4.13 per hour if a man makes $31.05 and a woman makes $26.92. In other words, these women earned $0.87 for every dollar earned by men. In its ranking of countries, Canada has the eighth worst gender pay gap. Also, according to this data, racialized women were paid less than white men, based on median wages, salaries, and commissions. The gender pay gap can be measured in different ways. In 2021, Filipino employees aged 25 to 54 earned $0.74 for every dollar earned by an employee who was not Indigenous nor a visible minoritya pay gap of 25.9%. Based on the most recent data, in Canada, for every dollar earned by a man, a woman earned 89 cents as measured in hourly wages for full-time workers. Currently, the gender gap is at 28% in Canada. The Government of Canada has recognized this to be a critical issue and introduced the Pay Equity Act on August 31, 2021. Similar results are found when considering all employees aged 15 and older. According to Statistics Canada (2022), as of 2021, the gender pay gap for full-time and part-time employees is 0.89, which means women make 89 cents of every dollar men make.The gender pay gap for full-time employees is 0.90, which means women make 90 cents of every dollar men make. Wages grew faster for core-aged women than for core-aged men over this period. Data from the year 2018 from Statistics Canada displayed the economic disparities between women and men. Crafting trans-inclusive policies and programs (e.g., review company dress code, eliminate gender-specific language). Here's how to manage it. Generally, women have prejudices about which career paths are acceptable. Read on to learn how to survive a recession. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Despite the slight growth, the gender wage gap in Canada is still present. Opinions expressed on this blog are NOT endorsed by the reviewed brands. Alternatively, you can review the gender wage gap based on hourly wages. According to Statistics Canada, industrial distribution explains 39.7% of the gender pay gap in 2018. Jodie Primeau, who works at Deep River, Ontarios Primeau Law Professional Corporation, stated that gender wage segregation, the way others treat women in the law firm and how customers view women lawyers all play into the gender wage gap. Some products and services that appear on this site are from companies from which Canadabuzz receives compensation. It is important to look at the data to understand the scale of the gender pay gap issue in real estate. The analysis focuses on differences between estimates that are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Freelance writer specializing in personal finance and travel content, Cost of Living for International Students, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, How to Become a Private Investigator in Canada. If youre a man, realize this imbalance still persists and find out how you can help alleviate the disparity at home and at work. Here are a few reasons why women are still making less than men in North America and ways to alleviate the problem. Some of these campaigns include Equal Pay Dayor the equal pay for equal work movement, which promotes public awareness of the gender pay gap. Those who identify as LGBTQ2S+ also experience significant pay gaps in Canada. Well, in Canada, the gender wage gap has barely budged in a decade. To close the gender pay gap in society and create awareness, some organizations aim to create awareness campaigns. Women are more vulnerable to low income than men in Canada, partially due to the pay gap. 2022 KOHO Financial Inc. have a labour force participation rate of 82%, woman earned 89 cents for every dollar a man made, women of colour make even less than white women, career adjustments to accommodate family life, maternity leaves contribute to lack of salary and career interruption, women take maternity leave almost twice as much as men do, encourage fathers to take that paternity leave, women comprise a mere 14% of jobs in the trades, trades environments are unwelcoming to women, According to a Pay Equity Strategist at Payscale, women to experience a 15% success rate in asking for raises, Women must feel empowered to negotiate their compensation or ask for raises, women cant handle the responsibility of a high-stress, senior position. Many measures in concert can help end the gender pay gap, including: enforced pay equity legislation across sectors and workplaces, increasing the minimum wage, and universal childcare (UFCW Canada). This disproportionate share of unpaid work is supported by evidence that women have heighted perceptions of time pressure that is, both awareness of not having enough time and the experience of hectic pace, harriedness, and rushing, accompanied by apprehension and frustration (Moyser and Burlock, Statistics Canada, 2018). Catalyst (2021) notes that both pay equity and increasing the representation of women in higher paying jobs need to be addressed to close the gap. This website contains ads and affiliate links and we may receive compensation when you click any of these links. Generally, the wage gap can be measured differently, although the most prominent method is evaluating the full-time, full-year wages. The gender pay gap is alive and well in Canada and many other advanced economies, according to a new global study by job search giant Glassdoor. According to Statistics Canada (2021), as of 2019, the gender pay gap for annual wages, salaries, and commissions is 0.71, which means that on an annual basis, women make 71% of what men make. Today, more than one million women are still missing from the labor force. Girls 12 to 18 experience a summer job gender pay gap of almost $3.00 per hour (, It has implications on a global scale. Unless otherwise stated, hourly wages are adjusted for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and expressed in 2021 constant dollars. Women are more educated and employed than ever, yet the pay gap between men and women, persists. The gap can be measured using different metrics, including average hourly wages, median hourly wages, average annual earnings, and median annual earnings. According to the National Womens Law Center, since February 2020, women have lost more than 1.4 million net jobs and make up close to 70% of job losers since the start of the pandemic. Figure 1: Statistics Canada. It's a widely recognized indicator of gender inequities, and it exists across industries and professional levels. Mothers with at least one child under age 18 earned 85 cents for every $1 earned by fathers, while women without children earned 90 cents for every dollar earned by men without children, based on 2015 data (Moyser, Statistics Canada, 2017). From creating apprenticeship programs for women to offering flexible childcare options to even providing women with uniforms and safety gear that actually fit all are great starting points to promote gender diversity in the trades sector. A new report has revealed the extent of the transgender pay gap in America. In general, the gender pay gap refers to the difference in average earnings of people based on gender. Some states in the U.S. have placed a ban on including wage history in job postings and have seen a low rate of pay discrepancies between men and women. Only 13% of men are employed part time, and 24.4% of women are employed part time (Statistics Canada, 2022). In 2018, the largest factors explaining the gap were the distribution of women and men across industries, and womens overrepresentation in part-time work. But nearly two-thirds of the gap was unexplainedfor this portion, possible explanations include gender differences in work experience, as well as unobservable factors, such as any gender-related biases (Pelletier et al., Statistics Canada, 2018). As the raw or unadjusted wage gap does not account for these differences in observable characteristics, it is but a first step for understanding wage differences between sub-populations. About 44% of Canadian non-school aged children live in childcare deserts, which are areas where at least three children would be in potential competition for each licensed daycare space (Macdonald, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2018). According to Statistics Canada (2020), women at every age are more likely than men to describe their days as quite a bit or extremely stressful. The final step is for employers to promote fairness by hiring a range of people from different backgrounds. According to the OECD (2022), for full-time employees, there is a 16.1% difference between annual median earnings of women and men relative to the annual median earnings of men. The non-adjusted pay gap deals with the exact figures on the average differences in pay. Pay equity is often defined as equal pay for work of equal value, and Canada has had laws about it since the 1970s (Canadian Human Rights Commission). This is important for all women, who earn less than men in all but five occupations, but especially important for women of color, for whom the gender wage gap is magnified by a racial and ethnic earnings gap (Institute for Womens Policy Research, 2020). The Gender Wage Gap in Canada: 1998 to 2018. With inflation making goods and services more expenses, credit card usage is at an all-time high and many Canadians are racking up debt. These factors also make it more likely for women to have interruptions or absences from work, which are linked to fewer opportunities for promotions and salary increases. The result? The reduction in the gender wage gap from 1998 to 2018 is largely explained by changes relating to three factors: the distribution of men and women across occupations; womens increased educational attainment; and the decline in the share of men in unionized employment. What country has the biggest gender pay gap? Narrowing the gender pay gap is not just about addressing inequality. Even though women enter professional schools to the same proportion as men, have a labour force participation rate of 82%, and are beginning to assume the breadwinner role at double the rate as they did in previous years, theres still a 16.1% difference between annual median earnings of women relative to the annual median earnings of men in Canada. Therefore, organizations need to review details that have to do with promotions to suit both genders. Women's Earnings: The Pay Gap (Quick Take) Mar 11, 2022 English GLOBAL Women Continue to Experience Gender Wage Gaps Worldwide Among OECD countries, the overall gender wage gap as of 2019 was 12.5%.1While the average appears close to parity, there can still be a large variation between countries. Canada Buzz is an advertising-supported blog. It ensures that working-class individuals, regardless of gender, will receive equal wages. These include norms, behaviours and roles. The Gender Pay Gap Across Canada - Equal Pay Coalition Home The Gender Pay Gap Across Canada The Gender Pay Gap Across Canada Pay Equity Legislation across Canada Six Canadian provinces-Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, and Quebec-have enacted specific pay equity legislation. Though there are more women in the industry, in 2020, the difference between . Whats the motherhood penalty and fatherhood bonus? In legislation, pay transparency requires employers to disclose the wage structures in their workplaces, and helps to enforce existing human rights laws and promote gender equality (Ontario Equal Pay Coalition). Yes, I want to invest in advancing gender equality! When it comes to the gender gap in overall economic participation and opportunity, Canada ranks only 40 in the, Online Hate and Cyberviolence Against Women and Girls, Resetting Normal: Building Gender Equality in the Pandemic Recovery, Building the Field of Teen Healthy Relationships. Germany (22.3%) and the United States (21.4%) were the top two unadjusted gaps. 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