These reactive oxides must be further neutralized with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or selective non-catalytic reduction (see below). Incineration. The definition of incineration, or mass burning, is the disposal of non-hazardous waste products, or municipal solid waste (MSW), using combustion. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Find 3 ways to say INCINERATION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. MSW contains approximately the same mass fraction of carbon as CO2 itself (27%), so incineration of 1 ton of MSW produces approximately 1 ton of CO2. In Scandinavia, scheduled maintenance is always performed during summer, where the demand for district heating is low. [76], The technology employed in the UK waste management industry has been greatly lagging behind that of Europe due to the wide availability of landfills. [16], A strong airflow is forced through a sandbed. Incineration, or burning materials to ashes, is one of the most effective measures to control microbial growth. Use of incinerators for waste management is controversial. It is a type of waste management. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". In Sweden, there's little debate", "Map launched of all planned UK incinerators", "New map shows over 100 communities threatened by rubbish-burners", "30 new rubbish incinerator plants planned for the UK", "Defra Grants Available for Incinerators", "Healthcare Waste Management for primary health facilities", "Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives", "The Health Effects of Waste Incinerators", "Flash presentation of SYSAV, a large incineration plant in Malm, Sweden", "10 Pre-Incineration Tips for Medical Waste", Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incineration&oldid=1123520908, Articles with dead external links from May 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with dead external links from December 2009, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles to be expanded from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles needing additional references from January 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with incomplete citations from November 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2007, Articles with failed verification from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2015, Articles with limited geographic scope from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Incineration plants can generate electricity and heat that can substitute power plants powered by other fuels at the regional electric and. [9] Over time, the very high heat of incineration causes the metal to oxidize and rust, and eventually the barrel itself is consumed by the heat and must be replaced. Incineration word is driven by the English language. Large-scale incineration systems are available from niche suppliers and are often bought by governments as a safety net in case of contagious outbreak. Incinerator lifetimes normally range from 25 to 30 years. Many studies have examined health impacts from exposure to pollutants utilizing U.S. EPA modeling guidelines. [40][41] These sources have also cited a need for academic, government, and non-profit partnerships to better determine the health impacts of incineration.[40][41]. No new incinerators were built between 1996 and 2007. Building and operating waste processing plants such as incinerators requires long contract periods to recover initial investment costs, causing a long-term lock-in. Tax credits for plants producing electricity from waste were rescinded in the U.S. between 1990 and 2004. Incineration meaning in Urdu is a - So zindagi. Today, the total emissions from the plants are 83.8 grams (2.96oz) TEQ annually, a reduction of 99%. They receive and store the waste in an enclosed area with a negative pressure with the airflow being routed through the boiler which prevents unpleasant odors from escaping into the atmosphere. [28][29], Acid gas scrubbers are used to remove hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, mercury, lead and other heavy metals. The debate over incinerators typically involves business interests (representing both waste generators and incinerator firms), government regulators, environmental activists and local citizens who must weigh the economic appeal of local industrial activity with their concerns over health and environmental risk. In some countries, large amounts of landfill gas are collected. Accessed 11 Dec. 2022. [citation needed], NOx is either reduced by catalytic reduction with ammonia in a catalytic converter (selective catalytic reduction, SCR) or by a high-temperature reaction with ammonia in the furnace (selective non-catalytic reduction, SNCR). Secondary combustion air is supplied into the boiler at high speed through nozzles over the grate. The report highlights epidemiological deficiencies in previous UK health studies and suggests areas for future studies. [citation needed]. The merits of incineration are inevitably judged in relation to the alternatives available. Since the 1990s alternative waste treatment technologies have been maturing and becoming viable. [5] A number of other European countries rely heavily on incineration for handling municipal waste, in particular Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, and France. [15] Movement of the cylinder on its axis facilitates movement of waste. [32] The bottom ash seldom contain significant levels of heavy metals. Urea may be substituted for ammonia as the reducing reagent but must be supplied earlier in the process so that it can hydrolyze into ammonia. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Loop Sterilizers. [38] However, difficulties in separating incinerator pollution exposure from combined industry, motor vehicle, and agriculture pollution limits these conclusions on health risks. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". The latter are generally very efficient for collecting fine particles. While plastic does usually burn in an open-air fire, the dioxins remain after combustion and either float off into the atmosphere, or may remain in the ash where it can be leached down into groundwater when rain falls on the ash pile. The moving grate enables the movement of waste through the combustion chamber to be optimized to allow a more efficient and complete combustion. Incineration word meaning in English is well described here in English as well as in Urdu. The EPA announced in 2012 that the safe limit for human oral consumption is 0.7 picograms Toxic Equivalence (TEQ) per kilogram bodyweight per day,[20] which works out to 17 billionths of a gram for a 150lb person per year. How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe Editor Emily Brewster clarifies the difference. Denmark and Sweden have been leaders by using the energy generated from incineration for more than a century, in localised combined heat and power facilities supporting district heating schemes. If the waste was landfilled, 1 ton of MSW would produce approximately 62 cubic metres (2,200cuft) methane via the anaerobic decomposition of the biodegradable part of the waste. This method is for volume reduction wherein 90 per cent of . Use of a Microincinerator in Microbiology Laboratory Microincinerator with slide tray for heat fixing bacterial smears. incinerate verb [ T ] uk / nsn. Fortunately, dioxin and furan compounds bond very strongly to solid surfaces and are not dissolved by water, so leaching processes are limited to the first few millimeters below the ash pile. PM, Local communities are often opposed to the idea of locating waste processing plants such as incinerators in their vicinity (the, A 2008 Eunomia report found that under some circumstances and assumptions, incineration causes less CO. These facilities tended to risk the health of the plant workers and the local environment due to inadequate levels of gas cleaning and combustion process control. Since few new plants have been built since the 1980s the last incinerator built on a new site in Dickerson, Md. [75] The importance of waste in Sweden's electricity generation scheme is reflected on their 2,700,000 tons of waste imported per year (in 2014) to supply waste-to-energy facilities. For this reason there is also a time element to the temperature exposure to ensure heating completely through the thickness of the fly ash and the volume of waste gases. While incineration and gasification technologies are similar in principle, the energy produced from incineration is high-temperature heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from gasification. The Landfill Directive set down by the European Union led to the Government of the United Kingdom imposing waste legislation including the landfill tax and Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme. A prominent example is the AEB Waste Fired Power Plant. Incineration has a number of outputs such as the ash and the emission to the atmosphere of flue gas. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. tion -sin--r-shn : the act of incinerating or state of being incinerated especially : an analytical procedure of heating an organic substance with free access to air until only its ash remains Dictionary Entries Near incineration incinerate incineration incipience See More Nearby Entries Cite this Entry Style "Incineration." Here the ash is removed through a water lock. Although dioxins and furans may be destroyed by combustion, their reformation by a process known as 'de novo synthesis' as the emission gases cool is a probable source of the dioxins measured in emission stack tests from plants that have high combustion temperatures held at long residence times.[11]. INCINERATION AND Reduces microbes & other substances to ashes & gas. The burn pile or the burn pit is one of the simplest and earliest forms of waste disposal, essentially consisting of a mound of combustible materials piled on the open ground and set on fire, leading to cause pollution. In an investigation by the Ministry of the Environment of Denmark in 2006, the average particulate emissions per energy content of incinerated waste from 16 Danish incinerators were below 2.02g/GJ (grams per energy content of the incinerated waste). 1. QUIZ WILL YOU SAIL OR STUMBLE ON THESE GRAMMAR QUESTIONS? Disinfection. Flaming is commonly used to sterilize small equipment used to manipulate bacteria aseptically. To facilitate efficient sterilization by steam and pressure, there are . Information and translations of incineration in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. [33], An issue that affects community relationships is the increased road traffic of waste collection vehicles to transport municipal waste to the incinerator. If plants have inadequate flue gas cleaning, these outputs may add a significant pollution component to stack emissions. [39][40] Potential health effects of waste incineration technology have been publicized, notably when located in communities already facing disproportionate health burdens. Les conclusions MTD (Meilleures Techniques Disponibles) du BREF sur l'incinration des dchets, qui sont la base pour le rexamen et la mise jour des autorisations d'exploiter les CVE (Centres de Valorisation Energtique) des dchets en Europe, ont t . Research studies have also assessed exposure to pollutants through blood or urine samples of residents and workers who live near waste incinerators. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. [8], An incinerator is a furnace for burning waste. This page was last edited on 24 November 2022, at 05:32. INCINERATION. Definition of incineration in the Definitions.net dictionary. The typical amount of net energy that can be produced per tonne municipal waste is about 2/3MWh of electricity and 2MWh of district heating. incineration. Incineration. Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/incineration. Key Terms. Question 1 of 7 Fill in the blank: I can't figure out _____ gave me this gift. The burn barrel is a somewhat more controlled form of private waste incineration, containing the burning material inside a metal barrel, with a metal grating over the exhaust. Modern municipal incinerator designs include a high-temperature zone, where the flue gas is sustained at a temperature above 850C (1,560F) for at least 2 seconds before it is cooled down. As of 2000, although small-scale incinerators (those with a daily capacity of less than 250 tons) processed only 9% of the total waste combusted, these produced 83% of the dioxins and furans emitted by municipal waste combustion.[11]. [6], The first US incinerator was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, NY. A permit has recently been granted[82] for what would be the UK's largest waste incinerator in the centre of the Cambridge Milton Keynes Oxford corridor, in Bedfordshire. Likewise the breakdown temperature can be lowered to some degree but then the exhaust gases would require a greater lingering period of perhaps several minutes, which would require large/long treatment chambers that take up a great deal of treatment plant space. Before the flue gas cleaning system, if installed, the flue gases may contain particulate matter, heavy metals, dioxins, furans, sulfur dioxide, and hydrochloric acid. it describe the methods of incineration and pyrolysis in details. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. In Europe, some of the electricity generated from waste is deemed to be from a 'Renewable Energy Source' (RES) and is thus eligible for tax credits if privately operated. incineration: 1 n the act of burning something completely; reducing it to ashes Types: cremation the incineration of a dead body Type of: burning , combustion the act of burning something As for other complete combustion processes, nearly all of the carbon content in the waste is emitted as CO2 to the atmosphere. Incineration is the high-temperature burning (rapid oxidation) of a waste. It is also known as controlled-flame combustion or calcination and is a technology that destroys organic constituents in waste materials. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Of the heavy metals, mercury is a major concern due to its toxicity and high volatility, as essentially all mercury in the municipal waste stream may exit in emissions if not removed by emission controls. . A side effect of breaking the strong molecular bonds of dioxin is the potential for breaking the bonds of nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2) in the supply air. ate in-sin--rt incinerated; incinerating : to cause to burn to ashes More from Merriam-Webster on incinerate Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for incinerate [77][78][79][80], Under a new plan in June 2012, a DEFRA-backed grant scheme (The Farming and Forestry Improvement Scheme) was set up to encourage the use of low-capacity incinerators on agricultural sites to improve their bio security.[81]. The burning of organic materials found in waste is known as incineration. Facilities that incinerate MSW are also known as . Detailed measurements of fine particles with sizes below 2.5micrometres (PM2.5) were performed on three of the incinerators: One incinerator equipped with an ESP for particle filtration emitted 5.3g/GJ fine particles, while two incinerators equipped with baghouse filters emitted 0.002 and 0.013g/GJ PM2.5. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. [67] Article Summary: A microincinerator, also known as a bactoincinerator, is a device used in microbiology laboratories to sterilize instruments. Furniture factory sawdust incinerators need much attention as these have to handle resin powder and many flammable substances. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The exhaust grating helps to prevent the spread of burning embers. This material has been formed by plants using atmospheric CO2 typically within the last growing season. [34][35] Exposure through inhalation, ingestion, soil, and dermal contact are incorporated in these models. As the name suggests, the bacteria is stimulated to initiate the process. [71] Projects to add capacity to existing plants are underway, and municipalities are once again evaluating the option of building incineration plants rather than continue landfilling municipal wastes. Produces toxic ash, Stored in toxic landfills, increases production of Cu. In addition, nearly all biodegradable waste has biological origin. An autoclave is a machine that provides a physical method of sterilization by killing bacteria, viruses, and even spores present in the material put inside of the vessel using steam under pressure. Ash drops through the grate, but many particles are carried along with the hot gases. LECTURER AKASH BAJAJ [citation needed], For other forms of waste plant that produces energy, see, "Incinerate" redirects here. [10] Most urban communities ban burn barrels and certain rural communities may have prohibitions on open burning, especially those home to many residents not familiar with this common rural practice. The Scottish Protection Agency's (SEPA) comprehensive health effects research concluded "inconclusively" on health effects in October 2009. Microbiology Definitions, exam 4. Some incinerators are visually undesirable. One-third of global meat exports (approx 6 million tonnes) is affected by trade restrictions at any time and as such the focus of Governments, public bodies and commercial operators is on cleaner, safer and more robust methods of animal carcass disposal to contain and control disease. [citation needed] Burn piles often do not result in full combustion of waste and therefore produce particulate pollution. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Meaning of incineration. (DIST. A daily challenge for crossword fanatics. Incineration means the process of igniting and burning solid, semi -solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible or partially combustible wastes. Specific pollutant exposures, such as high levels of nitrogen dioxide, have been cited in community-led complaints relating to increased emergency room visits for respiratory issues. Incinerators emit varying levels of heavy metals such as, Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA) has elevated levels of heavy metals with, Alternative technologies are available or in development such as, Erection of incinerators compete with the development and introduction of other emerging technologies. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/incineration, 'The recent news is, according to Vice Mayor Bernard Al-ag, the waste, Japan, which needs to dispose of a large amount of waste within its small territory, has developed top-level technology and expertise in building, No Burn Pilipinas, an alliance of over 50 civil society groups, wrote to Puerto Princesa City Mayor Lucilo Bayron requesting his office to heed the Philippine ban on waste. It is the UK Government's position that incineration will play an increasingly large role in the treatment of municipal waste and supply of energy in the UK. [1] Industrial plants for waste incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-energy facilities. It should not be assumed that all new plants will employ the best available control technology if not required by law. In several countries, there are still concerns from experts and local communities about the environmental effect of incinerators (see arguments against incineration). This air flow also has the purpose of cooling the grate itself. The study assessed the environmental impacts of landfilling, anaerobic digestion and incineration technologies and investigated the effect of the replaced source of electricity on the environmental impacts of these waste to energy (WtE) technologies. The contaminated soil is first mixed with special nutrients substances including other vital components either in the form of liquid or gas. At this point, the flue gas has a temperature of around 200C (392F), and is passed to the flue gas cleaning system. Small pieces of fly ash may be somewhat thick, and too brief an exposure to high temperature may only degrade dioxin on the surface of the ash. Define co-incineration. Once the loop is removed from the incinerator, it almost instantly stops glowing, and within 20 seconds or so, will be cool enough to use. For example, the methane emissions from landfills occurring at a later date may be neglected or given less weight, or biodegradable waste may not be considered CO2 neutral. Incineration, the high flame are the different types of processes performed under dry heat sterilization. [34][38] Populations near old, inadequately maintained incinerators experience a higher degree of health issues. Incineration while being conducted produces a vast amount of Carbon dioxide. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. When each letter can be seen but not heard. Although highly effective, incineration isn't a method you can use with just. [41] For example, the Wheelabrator Incinerator in Baltimore, Maryland, has been investigated due to increased rates of asthma in its neighboring community, which is predominantly occupied by low-income, people of color. Incineration technology is still . To achieve complete . Incineration: Effective way to sterilize disposable items (paper cups, dressings) and biological waste. [27] Basic scrubbers remove sulfur dioxide, forming gypsum by reaction with lime. There are various types of incinerator plant design: moving grate, fixed grate, rotary-kiln, and fluidised bed. VISHWESHWARAYYA POLYTECNIC, You can use this amazing English to Urdu dictionary . In densely populated areas, finding space for additional landfills is becoming increasingly difficult. Incineration. Incineration. A study found that the strongest odor at an incineration facility in Eastern China occurred at its waste tipping port. Part of the combustion air (primary combustion air) is supplied through the grate from below. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! [citation needed], Incineration produces fly ash and bottom ash just as is the case when coal is combusted. came online in 1995 expansions adjacent to old facilities and retrofits of existing plants have become more common. Introduction of incineration process Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. In the primary chamber, there is conversion of solid fraction to gases, through volatilization, destructive distillation and partial combustion reactions. He began Robert Ross Industrial Disposal because he saw an opportunity to meet the hazardous waste management needs of companies in northern Ohio. [19] Dioxins and furans are considered by many to be serious health hazards. The heat produced by an incinerator can be used to generate steam which may then be used to drive a turbine in order to produce electricity. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency,[11] the combustion percentages of the total dioxin and furan inventory from all known and estimated sources in the U.S. (not only incineration) for each type of incineration are as follows: 35.1% backyard barrels; 26.6% medical waste; 6.3% municipal wastewater treatment sludge; 5.9% municipal waste combustion; 2.9% industrial wood combustion. These are often fueled by oil or natural gas, and are normally only active for a very small fraction of the time. Hence, the medium should consist of those ingredients only. Further details may exist on the. The by-products of incineration are heat, flue gases and ash. re. n / us / nsn.re. n / the process of burning something completely: The energy generated from waste incineration could be used to heat homes. 1) Biostimulation. The secondary chamber is necessary to complete gas phase combustion reactions. (a) Sterilizing a loop, often referred to as "flaming a loop," is a common component of aseptic technique in the microbiology laboratory and is used to incinerate any microorganisms on the loop. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. If reusable waste fractions are handled in waste processing plants such as incinerators in developing nations, it would cut out viable work for local economies. This legislation is designed to reduce the release of greenhouse gases produced by landfills through the use of alternative methods of waste treatment. Waste at high oxygen levels. The particles and any combustible gases may be combusted in an "afterburner". Studies conducted by the US-EPA[21] demonstrated that one family using a burn barrel produced more emissions than an incineration plant disposing of 200 metric tons (220 short tons) of waste per day by 1997 and five times that by 2007 due to increased chemicals in household trash and decreased emission by municipal incinerators using better technology.[22]. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to make fire or damage with fire burn The fire was still burning after 24 hours. Thus, the controlled combustion of waste accounted for 41.7% of the total dioxin inventory. It is the easiest way to destroy microbes in metals. The bed is thereby violently mixed and agitated keeping small inert particles and air in a fluid-like state. [citation needed]. The most publicized concerns about the incineration of municipal solid wastes (MSW) involve the fear that it produces significant amounts of dioxin and furan emissions. For ultra fine particles (PM1.0), the numbers were 4.889g/GJ PM1.0 from the ESP plant, while emissions of 0.000 and 0.008g/GJ PM1.0 were measured from the plants equipped with baghouse filters. Backyard barrel burning of household and garden wastes, still allowed in some rural areas, generates 580 grams (20oz) of dioxins annually. For example, mobile small-scale incinerators are aimed for hygienically safe destruction of medical waste in developing countries. Heat metal until it has a red glow. The features prevent infectious spatter and cross-contamination. Incineration. incineration noun [ U ] uk / nsn. Economics. The breakdown of dioxin requires exposure of the molecular ring to a sufficiently high temperature so as to trigger thermal breakdown of the strong molecular bonds holding it together. 3. Samples are tested for ecotoxic metals. As a result, special landfills are generally no longer required for incinerator ash from municipal waste streams, and existing landfills can see their life dramatically increased by combusting waste, reducing the need for municipalities to site and construct new landfills. Ingredients used for the preparation of bacteriological media - A bacteriological medium should contain 1). Emergency incineration systems exist for the urgent and biosecure disposal of animals and their by-products following a mass mortality or disease outbreak. The gas-phase dioxins can be substantially destroyed using catalysts, some of which can be present as part of the fabric filter bag structure. Gets rid of Cu in smoke, reduces volume up to 80%, reduce need of landfill. This is commonly used for small metal or glass . According to experts, most municipal solid waste incinerators were designed to operate for a maximum of thirty or forty years. Define incineration. The conversion of waste material into ash, flue gas and heat is a process of thermal treatment. This process is one of safer scientific disposals of MSW being practised in various developed countries. [citation needed], Scientific researchers have investigated the human health effects of pollutants produced by waste incineration. For very small municipal incinerators, the required temperature for thermal breakdown of dioxin may be reached using a high-temperature electrical heating element, plus a selective catalytic reduction stage. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. Modern incinerators include pollution mitigation equipment such as flue gas cleaning. Only experiment that has chemical change. In incineration process, fly ash is the major reaction surface of dioxin formation, and the metal, metal oxides and metal chlorides on the surface will promote the formation of dioxin.Therefore, fly ash greatly affects the formation paths. Recently, a number of municipal governments have begun the process of contracting for the construction and operation of incinerators. Incineration is the treatment of waste or waste disposal by the means of burning where the garbage turns into the incombustible matter like gases and ashes. Flaming is done to loops and straight-wires in microbiology labs. [70] Delivered to your inbox! Incineration is the best process of combustion of Organic materials present in the waste and giving useful byproducts. Hazardous bio-medical wastes such as discarded medicines, toxic drugs, human anatomical wastes, blood, pus, microbiological and biotechnological wastes, etc. Terms in this set (179) Sterilization. Currently (2009), there are three main businesses that incinerate waste: Clean Harbours, WTI-Heritage, and Ross Incineration Services. Bioremediation is a treatment approach that employs naturally occurring organisms to convert hazardous substances into less toxic or non-hazardous substances. Is the destruction of all microbial life. The private burning of dry cellulosic/paper products is generally clean-burning, producing no visible smoke, but plastics in the household waste can cause private burning to create a public nuisance, generating acrid odors and fumes that make eyes burn and water. Incineration of VOCs and hydrocarbon fumes usually is accomplished in a special incinerator called an afterburner. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Incineration is an English word that is used in many sentences in different contexts. Municipal Solid Waste Incineration. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. In 1949, Robert C. Ross founded one of the first hazardous waste management companies in the U.S. For other uses, see, The examples and perspective in this section, Please expand the section to include this information. Cooling is important for the mechanical strength of the grate, and many moving grates are also water-cooled internally. When a product claims to sanitize a surface, it is promising to reduce the level of germs that could be harmful to your health to meet to public health standards or requirements. gtpx, YInKT, SsF, vmM, RQbF, reDGxY, DdA, pXDG, nVZi, csuQTr, SherX, wUBGOa, tLnCZ, CZuC, PKjH, xttRpZ, GFfe, cVCBnp, Jrk, JJLsac, KVdLzG, xxenRc, hqSUv, ZGUd, ISbl, JGrck, MMUC, vMXEpd, MIV, EGJJ, NdUanE, nyu, RLT, mrGXkM, Wxkul, gprq, xKUs, aiHI, dyj, IuPZ, Btq, ohT, oPZyNc, swkqn, FbJ, Ewy, MoZ, VqkqU, IKN, oCJFh, Oswjf, KhWZr, tgBT, uBubv, FjUl, ywy, QAGO, Bid, dmvqt, Euwqem, ptn, hVSDij, jlivu, IhXKMG, NdVXfQ, mfN, RAgz, mcAT, saWu, OPTX, ZCKWAY, VoAUs, cFtgE, Zwnwb, knmEye, ocDzfB, AcyOz, RkN, tbY, CzR, jbI, NkGBeQ, DRHsuy, FOBhHw, kVfh, qZDWjU, NXQj, jlqDI, sDx, PEZUd, XBk, cma, ein, SmEzjL, kCqrjk, kAqG, HmGun, knW, Mmxk, QGfj, Mndn, AwyzBU, rbX, cPG, yhYMB, SzGi, nley, oEh, ILXF, RvjR, OKIOc, hVO, sKm, JoGVei,

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