HADES (whose name means "the unseen") was the Greek god of the underworld, the realm of the dead. . Those who received punishment in Tartarus were assigned by the other gods seeking vengeance. In order for the dead to live well in Hades, they needed to be remembered by the living. They sought vengeance against those who committed evil, especially children who committed sins against their parents. 14.156), with one of Hades's (the god) epithets being the "gate fastener" (: Hom. Hearing nothing at all, 5.4.5-6; Lucr. Updated on May 28, 2019. According to Hesiod - the poet who, along with Homer, created the first guides to ancient Greek religion and customs - there were 5 ages of mankind. Many fans of Greek mythology are likely familiar with the famous scenes and most quotable lines from the 2007 film 300, . Helios. Nike sneakers are the namesake of the goddess of victory, for example, and the website Amazon.com is named after the race of mythical female warriors. Hades was well-known for its gates (the : Hom. In death, much like in life, the Greeks believed the pious and the demigods lived an eternity of bliss, while a moderately good afterlife awaited the moderately pious, and absolute, unrelenting torment awaited those that did not live good lives. It includes the histories of gods and goddesses, heroes and monsters, as well as explanations for many important religious rituals. Greek Mythology Boy Names P-Z. What's the Greek word for underdog? It is unclear exactly what the ancients understood this "field" to be with scholars divided between associating it with flower asphodel (genus, Asphodelus L.) or a field of ash (basing this on the etymological construction of > , ash). Ancient Greek mythology is a vast and fascinating group of legends about gods and goddesses, heroes and monsters, warriors and fools, that were an important part of everyday life in the ancient. The most popular Greek Mythology figures include Greek Gods like Zeus , Poseidon & Apollo , Greek Goddesses like Aphrodite , Hera & Athena and Titans like Atlas . Rivers of the Underworld - Mythology of Greece Rivers of the Underworld April 7, 2021 by admin For the Ancient Greeks, the Underworld was a physical place under the surface of the Earth where the souls of the dead dwelled for eternity. Rhadamanthus was Lord of Elysium and judge of the men of Asia. It was considered an Afterlife or Hereafter by the ancient Greeks. Melinoe is a chthonic nymph, daughter of Persephone, invoked in one of the Orphic Hymns and propitiated as a bringer of nightmares and madness. The full stories often reveal Hercules, Achilles, Perseus and others to be imperfect characters . With his lyre-playing skills, he was able to put a spell on the guardians of the underworld and move them with his music. They also lack phrenes, or wit, and are heedless of what goes on around them and on the earth above them. Whose hundred buds made Everyday scenes of the persons life were depicted on tombstones in order to keep the memory of the person alive, and keep them in a blissful state in death. The son of Kronos, Only Apollo, who was revered by successive Roman emperors, retained his Greek name. The seeds tied her to Hades and his world and she was only able to return to her mother outside of the winter season. With the forgetful elation of the Lethe, the peaceful luscious meadows and perfect happiness of the Elysium fields, a life of piety may take on new allure. The way to it leads over the edge of the world across the ocean. Though overshadowed in classical times by the work of his teacher Plato, from late antiquity read more, The amazing works of art and architecture known as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World serve as a testament to the ingenuity, imagination and sheer hard work of which human beings are capable. The living could only communicate with the dead if they were able to suspend their normal life and time in order to reach Hades. adnatos weak, impossible, thin, frail, languorous. However, pitting anyone against Thor is always an underdog situation. The Theogony declares the identities and alliances of the gods, while the Works and Days gives advice on the best way to succeed in a dangerous world, and Hesiod urges that the most reliablethough by no means certainway is to be just. Apollonius of Rhodes, another scholar of the 3rd century bce, preserved the fullest account of the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. [71] This is shown in Homer's Odyssey, where Odysseus had to offer blood of sheep in order for the souls to interact with him. The Works and Days shares some of these in the context of a farmers calendar and an extensive harangue on the subject of justice addressed to Hesiods possibly fictitious brother Perses. According to Greek mythology, Uranus and Gaia were the first Gods to rule the world. He used his lyre to mesmerize all the guardians of the Greek underworld and convince Hades and Persephone to release Eurydice. Furies (Erinyes) in Greek mythology are mythical chthonic deities that chased those who had committed crimes against the physical and moral order of things. Venus de Milo. Ixion Punished in Tartarus - Jules-lie Delaunay (1828-1891) - PD-art-100, Charon carries souls across the river Styx - Alexander Litovchenko (18351890) - PD-art-100, Aeneas and a Sibyl in the Underworld - Jan Brueghel the Elder (15681625) - PD-art-100. Buddhist Mythology. These figures are described by ancient writers, the oldest of which are Homer . [56] He was also not a tormenter of the dead, and sometimes considered the "Zeus of the dead" because he was hospitable to them. Corrections? 4-Prometheus (God of Fire) [1] He is the opponent of the eirn. [84] The dead within the Homeric underworld lack menos, or strength, and therefore they cannot influence those on earth. Not much is known about her, but she is an ally of Zeus and lives in the underworld. It is likely that Greek myths evolved from stories told in the Minoan civilization of Crete, which flourished from about 3000 to 1100 BCE. A COMPLETE LIST OF GREEK UNDERWORLD GODS & GODDESSES. Charon would receive the souls from Hermes and then guide them to the other side of the river Styx. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. [82] The terms in which Melino is described are typical of moon goddesses in Greek poetry. Hades was also known as Pluto to some. By Avi Kapach Last updated on Dec. 1st, 2021 Greek Pantheon Twelve Olympians Aphrodite They often feature heroic battles and terrible creatures, and taught the importance of bravery, intelligence, and right and wrong. Here's a list of translations. Myths define social customs and beliefs, explain natural and psychological phenomena, and provide a way for people to discuss things that cause anxiety. When her mother heard of her abduction, she became enraged and brought an end to the harvests. According to Hesiod, the Furies were born from Titan Uranus' blood that dripped when his son, Cronus, castrated him. [46] Homer wrote that Cronus then became the king of Tartarus. Greek mythology is full of legendary creatures that continue to inspire fiction today. In order to get into Hades, souls would first need to be ferried across by Charon, the ferryman. He is well-known as the god of Yoga, Meditation, and Arts. Pegasus went on to join the stables of Olympus, which were well-stocked with immortal horses. The Greek underworld of Hades is surrounded by five rivers, each representing an emotion connected with the underworld: the Styx (hatred), the Acheron (pain), the Lethe (forgetfulness), the Phlegethon (fire) and Cocytus (wailing). The harpies were half-bird and half-human women who appeared in several different stories. Hades decides on their individual punishment himself. Around 700 BC, the poet Hesiods Theogony offered the first written cosmogony, or origin story, of Greek mythology. Arguably the most famous horse in Greek mythology was Pegasus. That the myths contained a considerable element of fiction was recognized by the more critical Greeks, such as the philosopher Plato in the 5th4th century bce. Pallas - Greek. [73] Later on, in more modern Greek folklore, he was considered more angelic, like the Archangel Michael. The Greek underworld, the kingdom of the dead, was ruled by one of the twelve Olympians, Hades or Pluto, by the Romans and his queen Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. The fullest and most important source of myths about the origin of the gods is the Theogony of Hesiod (c. 700 bce). Persephone fell prey to their plan when she was bewitched by a narcissus flower. Long not to go. The perfect baby name for music lovers! [14] In the wider mythological tradition, however, there are multiple bodies of water that are associated with the underworld (varying in number and combination depending on the source), the names of which can be understood to reflect specific associations with death.[15][16]. He was never created and can never be destroyed. Once in Hades, they did not continue to grow mentally and their psyche was frozen, sources claim. Packages Shop By Sorority Shop By Fraternity Apparel Graduation Stoles Free Shipping When You Spend $150 or More! Myths are a way of understanding the world. The Elysian Fields are first referenced in Homer's Odyssey Book 4 where Menelaus is promised that he will go there instead of dying (and so distinguishing it from the afterlife proper): it is described as being located at the edges of the earth (the peirata) and is where life is "easiest for men". [2] These stories concern the origin and the nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities, heroes, and mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual practices. Homer believed that the best possible existence for humans was to never be born at all, or die soon after birth, because the greatness of life could never balance the price of death. The alazn is an impostor that sees himself as greater than he actually is. Luring the over-eager Persian ships into the Straits of Salamis, the small Greek force launched . It is difficult to know when Greek mythology started, as it is believed to have stemmed from centuries of oral tradition. This is a great name for an emotional support dog or one that is smart, fun or loves to sunbathe. It is traditionally a girl's name, but it has a modern, artsy vibe that can work . Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. The Fields of Asphodel, thirdly, are for the souls who have not achieved particular greatness nor committed crimes against the gods. 8.367, 13.415, Od. "Fierce Juno's hate, Added to hostile force, shall urge thy fate.". Hades is not depicted as a cruel jailor of the dead, but rather as merely a strict, moral presence, yet he was still hated by the gods. Greek Mythology theseus: protector of the defenseless, the underdog. The "ASUS" logo is even meant to be shaped like Pegasus. Underdog is an incredible animated series that chronicled the adventures of Shoeshine, who when danger was afoot would turn into a powerful superhero! Little is known to suggest that the Greeks treated Homer, or any other source of Greek myths, as mere entertainment, whereas there are prominent Greeks from Pindar to the later Stoa for whom myths, and those from Homer in particular, are so serious as to warrant bowdlerization or allegorization. It was the first known democracy in the world. The elaborate genealogies mentioned above are accompanied by folktales and etiological myths. The Greek word Eusebia means piety, though its meaning is perhaps a bit more complex according to some sources. Modern Mythology. Heracles once borrowed Cerberus as the final part of the Labours of Heracles. The Erinyes or Furies were three goddesses associated with the souls of the dead. Therefore, while Hades' responsibility was in the underworld, he was allowed to have power on earth as well. Olympian deities looked like men and women (though they could change themselves into animals and other things) and were as many myths recounted vulnerable to human foibles and passions.. Other gods and goddesses sometimes included in the roster of Olympians are: Greek mythology does not just tell the stories of gods and goddesses, however. He was the son of CRONUS and RHEA and the brother of Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia. 26 The Greeks frequently placed small dwarf-like statues . [10] The underworld is made solely for the dead and so mortals do not enter it - with only a few heroic exceptions (who undertook a mythical catabasis: Heracles, Theseus, Orpheus, possibly also Odysseus, and in later Roman depictions Aeneas). There is no surprise in the . [55] In art and literature Hades is depicted as stern and dignified, but not as a fierce torturer or devil-like. In mythology, the Greek underworld is a distinct realm (one of the three realms that makes up the cosmos) where an individual goes after death. [87], Overall, the Greek dead were considered to be irritable and unpleasant, but not dangerous or malevolent. Eusebia was also relevant to those already dead. Packages Shop By Sorority In around 450 B.C., the Athenian general Pericles tried to consolidate his power by using public money, the dues paid to Athens by its allies in the Delian League coalition, to support the city-states artists and thinkers. Styx is the goddess of the river with the same name. Sometimes called the Acherusian lake (from the Latin tradition), see Strabo 5.4.4-6. One of the Facts About Greek Mythology is their Sad Upbringing: Zeus had plenty of children outside his marriage with Hera. They are also, however, reminders of the human capacity for disagreement, read more, The two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta, went to war with each other from 431 to 405 B.C. Asus. If not, they were said to fly at the shores for one hundred years, until they were allowed to cross the river. In Greek mythology, Psyche was an exceptionally beautiful woman. It is possible, however, to treat the two poems as a diptych, each part dependent on the other. As a favor to Hades, the gloomy one. The God of War franchise has recently seen lore-based within Norse mythology. [97] With his beautiful voice he was able to convince Hades and Persephone to allow him and his wife to return to the living. 1. Hades in Greek Mythology God of the Underworld, Lord of the Dead Who is Hades in Greek Mythology? The Greek underworlds entrance is not a very welcoming place, with Anxiety, Grief, Diseases, Old Age, Hunger, Fear, Agony, Death and Sleep awaiting you. [70], Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Aeacus are the judges of the dead. Charon is the ferryman who, after receiving a soul from Hermes, would guide them across the rivers Styx and/or Acheron to the underworld. [89] Grave gifts such as clothing, jewelry, and food were left by the living for use in the underworld as well, since many viewed these gifts to carry over into the underworld. When the world was divided between Hades and his two brothers, Poseidon obtained the sea as his domain, Zeus, the heavens, and Hades was set to rule over the Greek underworld. In order to get into Hades, souls would first need to be ferried across by Charon, the ferryman. 2. Orpheus - Greek. Passage to the Greek Underworld In Greek mythology, the souls of the deceased would be collected by Hermes or another Psychopomp, and guided thereon to the edge of the Underworld. Such discoveries illuminated aspects of Minoan culture from about 2200 to 1450 bce and Mycenaean culture from about 1600 to 1200 bce; those eras were followed by a Dark Age that lasted until about 800 bce. Discovered in 1820 on the island of Milos, the Parian marble sculpture was created in the mid 2nd century BC and stands at 2.04 metres tall. Sic. Adikia (Adicia), a Greek demon of injustice. Spartan boys entered a rigorous read more, In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms that he called demokratia, or rule by the people (from demos, the people, and kratos, or power). [52], Hades (Aides, Aidoneus, or Haids), the eldest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea; brother of Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, and Hestia, is the Greek god of the underworld. This system was comprised of read more, The Bronze Age marked the first time humans started to work with metal. The mythology of ancient Greece was filled with great heroes who slew monsters, battled whole armies, and loved (and lost) beautiful women. He was perceived as the enemy of life by men, as well as the gods. Is the River Styx a. According to the Suda, the ancient Greeks placed a honeycake () with the dead in order (for the dead) to give it to Cerberus.[77]. . In Greek society, many viewed Hades as the least liked god and many gods even had an aversion towards him, and when people would sacrifice to Hades, it would be if they wanted revenge on an enemy or something terrible to happen to them. Generally speaking, the Greek Underworld can be thought of as being made up of three different regions; Tartarus, the Asphodel Meadows and Elysium. If chosen for Elysium, the souls are first taken to drink from the river Lethe, to forget everything of their former life and commence a restful, stress-free afterlife, compared to the Fields of Punishment! Hephaestus was represented in the temple of Athena Chalcioecus at Sparta, in the act of delivering his mother; 24 on the chest of Cypselus, giving to Thetis the armor for Achilles; 25 and at Athens there was the famous statue of Hephaestus by Alcamenes, in which his lameness was slightly indicated (the so-called Theseion; ca. It features an upbeat soundtrack with disco and rock tracks. This is actually the myth of the ancient Greeks to explain the change of the seasons, the eternal cycle of nature's death and rebirth. In Homers Odyssey, Odysseus had to give blood so he could commune with the dead. Orpheus was a legendary musician. With an incredible rogues' gallery of villains like Simon Bar Sinister, Cad Lackey, Riff Raff, Battyman, and Overcat on the loose, the world needs Underdog more than ever! Certainly the old and familiar ones are no longer adequate. [71], The idea of progress did not exist in the Greek underworld at the moment of death, the psyche was frozen, in experience and appearance. Rhea. Zeus tried to placate her by sending Hermes to retrieve Persephone, but Hades tricked Persephone again by having her eat pomegranate seeds. [66] The Erinyes were dreaded by the living since they embodied the vengeance of the person who was wronged against the wrongdoer. The Underworld in Greek mythology was where the souls of the dead resided, and the River Styx separated the dead in the Underworld from the living on the other side. In ancient times it referred to a persons duty to themselves, to others and to the gods. They would inflict madness upon the living murderer, or if a nation was harboring such a criminal, the Erinyes would cause starvation and disease to the nation. They did not lead any sort of active life in the underworld they were exactly the same as they were in life. Greek mythology, Oral and literary traditions of the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes and the nature and history of the cosmos.The Greek myths and legends are known today primarily from Greek literature, including such classic works as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Hesiod's Works and Days and Theogony, Ovid's Metamorphoses, and the dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. The Problem of Suffering: An Exegesis of the Book of Job. He was standing guard at the Gates of the Underworld, making sure that no dead soul would escape and no living man would enter the realm of the dead. The Pilgrimage Mythology primarily talks about Kwan Yin, the goddess of mercy and compassion. [91] However, this view of the underworld was not universal Homer depicts the dead keeping their familiar faces. Ares. Grown by Gaia to entice the girl As a young man, the gods helped Perseus to slay the snaky-tressed gorgon Medusa, who was so ugly that she could turn to stone anyone who looked directly at her. Underdogs establish a sense of fairness that David can compete with Goliath and still win. The sky itself smile. The second location, the Fields of Punishment, are designated for those who commit crimes against the gods. This means that Hephaestus was not from Zeus which made the Thunder god very furious. Hypnos is the personification of sleep and twin brother of Thanatos. By MartiniF; History & Tradition; 0; Those who are familiar with the Chinese word wuxi (martial heroes) may associate it with memories of martial arts films and television programs that portray a fanciful depiction of Chinese martial arts to audiences around the world. Believe it or not, ASUS is derived from Peg asus, the winged horse from Greek mythology. In Greek mythology, Orion is a hunter and the son of the mighty Poseidon. 3. [68] The Erinyes were depicted as ugly and winged women with their bodies intertwined with serpents. The dead would have the same appearance they had in life and, if they had lost all their limbs in battle, would appear the same in the afterlife. The Greeks also showed belief in the possibility of marriage in the underworld, which in a sense implies the Greek underworld was little different from the world of the living.[90]. Students analyze how the author develops the point of view As a ruler of death, he was unforgiving to those who disobeyed him. In some Greek sources Tartarus is another name for the underworld (serving as a metonym for Hades), while in others it is a completely distinct realm separate from the underworld. This is a list of gods, goddesses, people and other figures from Greek mythology.They are sorted into sections below. Miscellaneous. They appear in Renaissance paintings such as Botticellis Birth of Venus and Raphaels Triumph of Galatea and writings like Dantes Inferno; Romantic poetry and libretti; and scores of more recent novels, plays and movies.. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/greek-mythology. From the famous Cerbeus guarding the gates to the Underworld to the ghastly Hecatoncheires of immortal lineage, these beasts frequently appeared throughout the mythos. They were particularly concerned with crimes done by children against their parents such as matricide, patricide, and unfilial conduct. 2. It was believed that time did not exist in the Greek underworld, though the dead were aware of the past and future, according to Homer. "Rising Crete against their shore appears. Zagreus was considered by some ancient authors as an underworld god. [7][8] The underworld is also considered to be an invisible realm,[9] which is understood both in relation to the permanent state of darkness but also a potential etymological link with Hades as the 'unseen place'. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In Greek mythology, dragons were, for the most part, huge snakes with supernatural abilities.The Greeks called these beasts "Drakon".These creatures played a major role in Greek myths. [54], Hecate was variously associated with crossroads, entrance-ways, dogs, light, the Moon, magic, witchcraft, knowledge of herbs and poisonous plants, necromancy, and sorcery. They consist of Alecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone. The works of the three tragediansAeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, all of the 5th century bceare remarkable for the variety of the traditions they preserve. Thanatos is the personification of death. Who are some of the major figures of Greek mythology? Greek mythology is the body of work detailing the origins of the ancient Hellenic world and the many deities who ruled over it. Some of the most important and well-known works of Greek mythology are the epic poems of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. The featured battle is perhaps one of the most famous in history, an underdog story that translates well to a film boasting a compelling, machismo style. Elysium was the home of the heroic, and the region of the Underworld most closely associated with. [89] While not completely clear, it is implied that the dead could still have sexual intimacy with another, although no children were produced. Orpheus once soothed it to sleep with his music. made significant and lasting contributions to nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics. The Theogony tells the story of the universes journey from nothingness (Chaos, a primeval void) into being, and details an elaborate family tree of elements, gods and goddesses who evolved from Chaos and descended from Gaia (Earth), Ouranos (Sky), Pontos (Sea) and Tartaros (the Underworld). [62], Persephone herself is considered a fitting other half to Hades because of the meaning of her name which bears the Greek root for "killing" and the -phone in her name means "putting to death". 420 BCE). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Orpheus, in his excitement to see his wife again, glanced back at her just before she had stepped out of the underworld and she was sucked back into the darkness for eternity. Other major figures of Greek myth include the heroes Odysseus, Orpheus, and Heracles; the Titans; and the nine Muses. However, she had eaten six pomegranate seeds in the underworld and was thus eternally tied to the underworld, since the pomegranate seed was sacred there.[61]. 36 of the best book quotes about greek mythology. Homer depicted the dead as unable to eat or drink unless they had been summoned; however, some reliefs portray the underworld as having many elaborate feasts. In mythology, the Greek underworld, or Hades, is a distinct realm (one of the three realms that makes up the cosmos) where an individual goes after death. Despite their numerical inferiority, the Greeks planned another battle, this time on the sea. A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore.These stories concern the origin and nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities, heroes, and mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual practices. The story of David versus Goliath has fascinated us over hundreds of years. HADES. "Coach Otto and the modern-day underdog Greek heroesin this moving film are almost a page out of Greek mythology." The film is in English, Greek, and German, with English subtitles. We are excited to announce the launch of Godies NFT! It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece. geographically, the underworld was considered to have been surrounded by five rivers each occupied by a river god or goddess: the river akheron (river of woe), the river kokytos (river of lamentation), the river pyriphlegethon (river of fire), the river styx (river of unbreakable oath by which the gods took vows and hatred), and the river lethe Greek mythology also had a third region, that of the Asphodel Meadows . This made Hera very angry, and to take revenge, she claimed that their son, Hephaestus, was a virgin birth. [11], Rivers are a fundamental part of the topography of the underworld and are found in the earliest source materials:[12] In Homer's Iliad, the "ghost" of Patroclus makes specific mention of gates and a river (unnamed) in Hades;[13] in Homer's Odyssey, the "ghost" of Odysseus's mother, Anticleia, describes there being many great rivers and appalling streams, and reference is made to at least four specific rivers. Greek Translation. [58], Hades was sometimes referred to as Pluton and was represented in a lighter way here, he was considered the giver of wealth, since the crops and the blessing of the harvest come from below the earth. is the region of the Underworld normally associated with. Many of the lyric poets preserved various myths, but the odes of Pindar of Thebes (flourished 6th5th century bce) are particularly rich in myth and legend. The Greek underworld is said to be invisible to the living, and is ruled by the god Hades. [67] Often the Greeks made "soothing libations" to the Erinyes to appease them so as to not invoke their wrath, and overall the Erinyes received many more libations and sacrifices than other gods of the underworld. According to legend, Achilles was extraordinarily strong, courageous and loyal, but he had one vulnerabilityhis Achilles heel. Homers epic poem The Iliad tells the story of his adventures during the last read more, Hercules (known in Greek mythology as Heracles or Herakles) is one of the best-known heroes in ancient mythology. Minos was the judge of the final vote. The fact that he won so many fights wasn't exactly a surprise; building up a new villain by feeding them heroes is as tried and true as the underdog winning. 26. A trailer for the film can be found on the Hellenic Film Society's You YouTube channel. Persephone was abducted by Hades, who desired a wife. In this sense, he was known as Hermes Psychopompos and with his fair golden wand he was able to lead the dead to their new home. Tartarus is also considered to be a primordial force or deity alongside entities such as the Earth, Night, and Time. Il. 20. The characters, stories, themes and lessons of Greek mythology have shaped art and literature for thousands of years. The deceased could enter the underworld through various routes, but perhaps the most common depiction is that of the ferryman Charon to take them across the river. The Horses and Steeds of Greek Legend. This project features 4,444 unique GODIES living on the Ethereum blockchain. The war-god Ares was rebranded as Mars. Human heroes including Heracles (aka Hercules), the adventurer who performed 12 impossible labors for King Eurystheus (and was subsequently worshipped as a god for his accomplishment); Pandora, the first woman, whose curiosity brought evil to mankind; Pygmalion, the king who fell in love with an ivory statue; Arachne, the weaver who was turned into a spider for her arrogance; handsome Trojan prince Ganymede who became the cupbearer for the gods; Midas, the king with the golden touch; and Narcissus, the young man who fell in love with his own reflection are just as significant. He forcibly married Persephone, Demeter's daughter. In the case of Greek mythology, the term refers to the stories and religious beliefs of the ancient Greek people. They would bring madness to the perpetrator or cause disease or starvation to anyone harboring the criminal. adnatos. Eventually, as concepts of the afterlife broadened and became more 'democratic', the generally righteous could be sent to the Elysian Fields after being judged by the underworld judges, Rhadamanthus and Minos. Cerberus was the famous three-headed dog, pet of Hades, the god of the Underworld. In this article, we will look at the main dragon-like creatures in Greek mythology.. To go further in your love of the Dragons from Greek Mythology, don't hesitate to check out these incredible products . 6.760-764. [47] According to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and Tartarus is where the wicked received divine punishment. They agreed, with the condition that neither of them look back while leaving Hades. The Homeric Hymns describes the abduction of Persephone by Hades: I sing now of the great Demeter Persephone could then only leave the underworld when the earth was blooming, or every season except the winter. To the place where so many [78] She may also be the figure named in a few inscriptions from Anatolia,[79] and she appears on a bronze tablet in association with Persephone. Achlys is the personification of misery and sadness, sometimes represented as a daughter of Nyx. In these, many of the characteristics of the Olympian gods and notable heroes are outlined. At funerals, the deceased traditionally had an obol placed over their eye or under their tongue, so they could pay Charon to take them across. but their names have lived on for millennia. [51] In Hesiod's Work and Days, however, this is a paradise that heroes could attain. In both cases, the audience is expected to have knowledge of the myths that preceded their literary rendering. Hades caught her and swept her away to the underworld in a chariot of gold. [1] In early mythology (e.g., Homer's Iliad and Odyssey) the dead were indiscriminately grouped together and lead a shadowy post-existence; however, in later mythology (e.g., Platonic philosophy) elements of post-mortem judgment began to emerge with good and bad people being separated (both spatially and with regards to treatment). Customarily demigods, heroes and the notably virtuous are selected for Elysium. He was originally a king of the island of Aegina who obtained his position as a reward from the gods. In most of the myths, she is portrayed as a woman holding an infant, dressed in white, and sitting on a lotus. Due to ongoing supply chain shortages and carrier delays, all estimated delivery dates are subject to change. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His cave was described as impenetrable by the light of sun and moon alike; it was surrounded by poppies and other soporific plants. The mystery of his identity embroiled heroes from across the Marvel Universe, and he battled some of the toughest around. They were mortals, but they were "god-like". Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in Classical mythological themes. Greek mythology: The god Hephaestus is most closely to be considered an underdog among the gods. 2022 A&E Television Networks, LLC. According to other authors, Hades and Persephone were considered Furies . He sought the help of Gaia in order to abduct the beautiful girl. She was said to have been murdered by her own father. Whom Zeus let Hades tear away The company has a range of Asian products, including wok-inspired meals and sauce. Especially the Narcissus, This emphasizes her role as a protector of the in betweens.[65]. [85] Their lives in the underworld were very neutral, so all social statuses and political positions were eliminated and no one was able to use their previous lives to their advantage in the underworld. Mythology is all around us. They grew angry if they felt a hostile presence near their graves and drink offerings were given in order to appease them so as not to anger the dead. Definitely, he was the god of the underworld. He sat in a temple The extreme formality of the style, however, renders much of the identification difficult, and there is no inscriptional evidence accompanying the designs to assist scholars in identification and interpretation. Nyx is the goddess of the Night. The dead are aware of both the past and the future, and in poems describing Greek heroes, the dead helped move the plot of the story by prophesying and telling truths unknown to the hero. Alternatively, Hermes Psychopompos could also be relied upon to lead the deceased to the underworld and appears first in Homer's Odyssey book 24 (also a common motif on white ground lekythoi). Lucian described the people of the underworld as simple skeletons. Updates? In mythology, the Greek underworld, REFERRED to as Hades, is the shadowy place below the earth where souls go after death. A deep abyss used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans,[83] Tartarus was also considered to be a primordial deity. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Greek myth takes many forms, from religious myths of origin to folktales and legends of heroes. ACHERON (Akheron) The god of the underworld river of pain whose brackish stream guarded the borders of Hades. Type: Third-Person PoV, Action-Adventure. As one of the first generation of Gods, Hades had a number of siblings. Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld The myth of Persephone, the sweet daughter of Greek goddess Demeter who was kidnapped by Hades and later became the Queen of the Underworld, is known all over the world. There too, in living sculpture, might be seen The mad affection of the Cretan queen; Then how she cheats her bellowing lover's eye; The rushing leap, the doubtful progeny, The . All the power, energy, mass, matter, non-matter, space are within him. Theogony: Clash of the Titans. [69], While Hermes did not primarily reside in the underworld and is not usually associated with the underworld, he was the one who led the souls of the dead to the underworld. The immortals include gods (deities), spirits and giants.Being immortal means that they live forever.The mortals include heroes, kings, Amazons and other people. From their lofty perch, they ruled every aspect of human life. With the speed of lightning and a roar of thunder, Underdog fights his many colorful foes . The judges decide the fate of the souls and send them to one of three places. For instance, mythological figures and events appear in the 5th-century plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides and the lyric poems of Pindar. [48][49][50], The Elysian Fields (also referred to as the Isles of the Blessed) was a utopian, paradisiacal afterlife reserved for specially distinguished individuals. #2. Alazn ( Ancient Greek: ) is one of three stock characters in comedy of the theatre of ancient Greece. Many libations and sacrifices were made to the Erinyes to placate them and avoid their wrath. [54] However, Hades himself is rarely seen outside his domain, and to those on earth his intentions and personality are a mystery. While Charon doesn't feature in the earliest mythical sources, there was still a superstition that the unburied couldn't cross over until they receive a proper burial (the most famous examples being Patroclus and Hector in the Iliad). Some named it "Hades", a reference to the ancient Greek god Hades. Many consumer products get their names from Greek mythology. Wuxia The Underdog Chinese Martial Arts Hero And The Code Of Jianghu . He provided wealth and blessed the harvest. The twelve Greek gods are Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, Hephaistos, Hermes, Ares, Athene, and Dionysos. One idea that people often get wrong about Greek mythology, however, is that there is a single version of Greek belief. However, it was considered very important to the Greeks to honor the dead and was seen as a type of piety. Offerings were made to appease the dead, who were said to become angered if any malicious persons came near their grave. Death Note. Geometric designs on pottery of the 8th century bce depict scenes from the Trojan cycle, as well as the adventures of Heracles. In Greek mythology, Pegasus symbolized wisdom and knowledge. Grades: 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 Subjects: Social Studies and History His first creation was the God of skies, Uranus, followed by Gaia, the Goddess of the earth. The poet Homers 8th-century BC epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, for example, tell the story of the Trojan War as a divine conflict as well as a human one. His sisters were Hestia, Hera, and Demeter, while Poseidon and Zeus were his only brothers. The earliest idea of afterlife in Greek myth is that, at the moment of death, an individual's essence (psyche) is separated from the corpse and is transported to the underworld. When Persephone was gathering flowers, she was entranced by a narcissus flower planted by Gaia (to lure her to the underworld as a favor to Hades), and when she picked it the earth suddenly opened up. 4.22.1-2; Plin. Greek Mythology. Greek mythology has subsequently had extensive influence on the arts and literature of Western civilization, which fell heir to much of Greek culture. The Spartans and their customs are so brutal and mighty despite . And of her daughter Persephone This lesson has been about Greek mythology, but every culture has myths. Etymologically, the word nymph is related to the Greek word for bride . While many of these myths are fanciful tales, such as the legends of greedy King Midas or heroic Hercules, other stories like the Trojan War epic have a basis in historical fact. Apollo: Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman mythology. As you begin your Odyssey through Greek Mythology, you will come to realize its significant mark on the world. According to Hesiod's Theogony, in the beginning, there was only Chaos. [53] When the three brothers divided the world between themselves, Zeus received the heavens, Poseidon the sea, and Hades the underworld; the earth itself was divided between the three. The personified spirit (daimona) of injustice and wrong-doing, Adikia was often depicted as a barbarian woman with skin covered in tattoos. They are indistinguishable from each other, and it is impossible to tell who was wealthy or important in the living world. Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. 5.646, 9.312, 23.71, Od. Instead, the earliest Greek myths were part of an oral tradition that began in the Bronze Age, and their plots and themes unfolded gradually in the written literature of the archaic and classical periods of the ancient Mediterranean world. Gifts of jewelry, food and clothing were often left for the dead to use in Hades. 4. The orthodox view treats the two poems as quite different in theme and treats the Works and Days as a theodicy (a natural theology). In the period of the Roman Empire, the Geography of Strabo (1st century bce), the Library of the pseudo-Apollodorus (attributed to a 2nd-century-ce scholar), the antiquarian writings of the Greek biographer Plutarch, and the works of Pausanias, a 2nd-century-ce historian, as well as the Latin Genealogies of Hyginus, a 2nd-century-ce mythographer, have provided valuable sources in Latin of later Greek mythology. Ophelia. This was a particularly common motif on Athenian white ground lekythoi (funerary vases) of fifth century BCE and it is difficult to date this figure much earlier than the 6th century BCE (perhaps the latest of Hades' inhabitants to 'appear'). Many high school, college and professional sports teams (Titans, Spartans and Trojans, for instance) also get their names from mythological sources. "[45] The most famous inhabitants of Tartarus are the Titans; Zeus cast the Titans along with his father Cronus into Tartarus after defeating them. Pokemon. [57] Due to his role as lord of the underworld and ruler of the dead, he was also known as Zeus Khthonios ("the infernal Zeus" or "Zeus of the lower world"). One of the most famous Greek mythology statues is the Venus de Milo that is currently on display in the Louvre Museum, Paris. Winds Of Change is a 1979 movie that retells five stories from Greek mythology. The earliest idea of afterlife in Greek myth is that, at the moment of death, an individual's essence ( psyche) is separated from the corpse and is transported to the underworld. This was the flower that When Demeter found out that Zeus had given Hades permission to abduct Persephone and take her as a wife, Demeter became enraged at Zeus and stopped growing harvests for the earth. The list does not include creatures.. He was also called upon by the dying to assist in their passing some called upon him to have painless deaths or be able to die when and where they believed they were meant to die. Hades was the god that ruled over this part of the world, and thus it was under his dominion. They judged the deeds of the deceased and created the laws that governed the underworld.[71]. adjective. [93] In the underworld, the identity of a dead person still existed, but it had no strength or true influence. The Infant Zeus Nurtured by the Goat Amalthea, by Nicolas Poussin [Public Domain] 1. Jason and the Argonauts (1963) 4/8 Winds Of Change Retells Five Stories From Greek Mythology. Spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service. Greek myths explained everything from religious rituals to the weather, and gave meaning to the world that people saw around them. Bronze tools and weapons soon replaced earlier stone versions. Please select which sections you would like to print: Exekias: Greek amphora depicting Achilles slaying Penthesilea. Venus de Milo. When a soul has reached Elysium three times in a row, they are then granted access to the Isles of the Blessed where they enjoy unending bliss. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The rulers of the underworld agreed, but under one condition Eurydice would have to follow behind Orpheus and he could not turn around to look at her. In the first book of the Iliad, the son of Zeus and Leto (Apollo, line 9) is as instantly identifiable to the Greek reader by his patronymic as are the sons of Atreus (Agamemnon and Menelaus, line 16). [92] The Greeks accepted the existence of the soul after death, but saw this afterlife as meaningless. It's one of the oldest Greek mythology games available aside from Kid Icarus. Every night, Uranus covered Gaia and slept with her. via. Charon, the ferryman, would then transport all those who pay across the River Acheron. symbol of democracy. He was forbidden to return to the underworld a second time and he spent his life playing his music to the birds and the mountains. While in the underworld, the dead passed the time through simple pastimes such as playing games, as shown from objects found in tombs such as dice and game-boards. Islamic Mythology. Fragmentary post-Homeric epics of varying date and authorship filled the gaps in the accounts of the Trojan War recorded in the Iliad and Odyssey; the so-called Homeric Hymns (shorter surviving poems) are the source of several important religious myths. 06 of 10 Jason Christian Mythology. Aphrodite and Adonis. This name means the darkness of the night. Humans made many technological advances during the read more, The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) From her mother's harvests He never got any respect among the other gods. Modern day pagans have even added springs of water and wine to the already idealistic paradise. However, there is more to wuxia than meets the eye. As such, Tartarus is normally equated with the Christian concept of Hell, just as Elysium is thought of as Paradise. That the myths contained a considerable element of fiction was recognized by the more critical Greeks, such as the philosopher Plato in the 5th-4th century bce. Tartarus was thought to be the deepest region of the Underworld, and a place where it would take an anvil nine days to reach if allowed to fall from the rest of the Underworld. Rise Of Cronus And The Birth of Aphrodite. The Underworld in ancient Greece referred to a dark and gloomy place anyone who died went to. Orphic Hymn 70 or 71 (numbering varies), as given by, Radcliffe G. Edmonds III, "Orphic Mythology," in, "Scamander and the Rivers of Hades in Homer", "HECATE: Greek goddess of witchcraft, ghosts & magic; mythology; pictures: HEKATE", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_underworld&oldid=1126382014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 01:42. [44] In other early Greek depictions, Charon was considered merely an ugly bearded man with a conical hat and tunic. He is all powerful and all powers are within him. (W) Chet Stover, Buck Biggers(A) Frank Johnson, Jorge Pacheco(CA) Patrick Owsley There's no need to fear, UNDERDOG is here! [44] Like Hades, it too is so dark that the "night is poured around it in three rows like a collar round the neck, while above it grows the roots of the earth and of the unharvested sea. They showed that even the gods, like mortal men, could be punished or rewarded for their actions. Rather, the continuation of the existence of the soul in the underworld was considered a remembrance of the fact that the dead person had existed, yet while the soul still existed, it was inactive. His life was not easyhe endured many trials and completed many daunting tasksbut the reward for his suffering was a promise that he would live forever among the read more, Sparta was a warrior society in ancient Greece that reached the height of its power after defeating rival city-state Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.). He later gave the severed head of Medusa to the goddess Athena. In terms of gods, the Greek pantheon consists of 12 deities who were said to reside at Mount Olympus: Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Hermes, and Poseidon. 25. But Zeus had allowed this. The alluring plant had been planted by Gaia. Nyx is the daughter of Chaos. The Underworld Myths / Places / The Underworld Hidden deep within the bowels of the earth and ruled by the god Hades and his wife Persephone, the Underworld was the kingdom of the dead in Greek mythology, the sunless place where the souls of those who died went after death. Orpheus was a musician and poet who could seduce and control peoples minds with his music. The fullest and most important source of myths about the origin of the gods is the Theogony of Hesiod, which also includes folktales and etiological myths. Eurynomos is one of the daemons of the underworld, who eats off all the flesh of the corpses, leaving only their bones. The Asphodel Meadows was the region of the Underworld where the majority of the deceased would end up, for it was the region of indifference, where those who had lived neither an overly good nor an overly bad life would end up. GREEK MYTHOLOGY: SOME NEW PERSPECTIVES A NEW approach to the ancient world is only too often a wrong approach, unless it is based on some concrete discovery. For over 50 years the adventures of Underdog have entertained children of all ages. Did you know? Those who did not respect the dead opened themselves to the punishment of the gods for example, Odysseus ensured Ajax's burial, or the gods would be angered. [95] The Greek gods only rewarded heroes who were still living; heroes that died were ignored in the afterlife. He is the past, present, and future. Specifically, he represented non-violent death as contrasted with his sisters the Keres, the spirits of diseases and slaughter. In the hymn, Melino has characteristics that seem similar to Hecate and the Erinyes,[81] and the name is sometimes thought to be an epithet of Hecate. Having drunk from the River Lethe the deceased located here would forget their previous lives, but would spend eternity in a greyness of mindlessness. [59], Persephone (also known as Kore) was the daughter of Demeter, the goddess of the harvest, and Zeus. Within the realm of Elysium one can also find the Isles of the Blessed. Ancient Greek mythology is a vast and fascinating group of legends about gods and goddesses, heroes and monsters, warriors and fools, that were an important part of everyday life in the ancient world. She arrived in hell reciting holy books and the king of hell was very angry with her. Il. Few today would accept this literally. But I think it fair to talk of new perspectives, at least, in the study of Greek mythology. [86] Therefore, those who had died in battle were eternally blood-spattered in the underworld and those who had died peacefully were able to remain that way. 3. [86] There was not a general consensus as to whether the dead were able to consume food or not. Ancient Sumerians in the Middle East may have been the first people to enter the Bronze Age. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Hades itself was free from the concept of time. This world is often called Hadesafter its rulerand lies beneath the earth's secret places. The souls in the underworld did not age or really change in any sense. Of the lovely feet, And friends and flowers Unfortunately, the evidence about myth and ritual at Mycenaean and Minoan sites is entirely monumental, because the Linear B script (an ancient form of Greek found in both Crete and Greece) was mainly used to record inventories. 1. [98], Elysium/Elysian Fields/Isles of the Blessed, For use of the metonymic description "the world below" (, There is still no scholarly consensus on whether Odysseus', Lucr. Who took her by force If that wasnt enough to scare you off, the entrance is also guarded by Cerberus, a vicious three-headed dog! Nevertheless, Charon was considered a terrifying being since his duty was to bring these souls to the underworld and no one would persuade him to do otherwise. Hindu Mythology. Many of these creatures have become almost as well known as the gods, goddesses and heroes who share their stories.. He has been recognized as a god of the sun, music and dance, truth and prophecy and healing. American Mythology is a comic book publisher focused on producing the best licensed and original content in the industry. Hero and Leander. 1. There is no single original text, like the Christian Bible or the Hindu Vedas, that introduces all Greek myths characters and stories. Those who could not pay, or who had not received a proper burial, were turned away. [86], The Greeks had a definite belief that there was a journey to the afterlife or another world. Aphrodite, the goddess of love, was so jealous of Psyche's beauty and fame that she asked Eros, her son, to ruin Psyche's fame and make her undesirable to men. The souls of the dead lived a purposeless existence in the Greek underworld, unaware of the activities of the living. Eventually, the Gods conceived humans and thus, creating the world as we know it. Born from Echidna and Typhon, Cerberus guards the gate that serves as the entrance of the underworld. Supplicating men. What can we help you find? Here is an abridgment of 30 of the most famous tales from Greek Mythology. That being said some features were mentioned in the ancient sources. Most served as obstacles for heroes and their tales of triumph. Writers such as the 2nd-century BC Greek mythographer Apollodorus of Athens and the 1st-century BC Roman historian Gaius Julius Hyginus compiled the ancient myths and legends for contemporary audiences. Wisdom. [54] Cerberus' duty is to prevent dead people from leaving the underworld. Adikia's spectral opposite was the spirit Dike (Justice). They were strongly associated with . They do not, however, bother to introduce the gods and goddesses who are their main characters, since readers and listeners would already have been familiar with them. However, the franchise began its journey in Ancient Greece following the story of protagonist Kratos. Cerberus (Kerberos), or the "Hell-Hound", is Hades' massive multi-headed (usually three-headed)[74][75][76] dog with some descriptions stating that it also has a snake-headed tail and snake heads on its back and as its mane. The Asphodel Meadows appears as far back as Homer's Odyssey (11.359), where it features in Odysseus survey of the underworld (technically referred to here as the field of asphodel: ). AEACUS (Aiakos) One of the three judges of the dead in the Underworld. [88] Mostly, blood offerings were given, because they needed the essence of life to become communicative and conscious again. [94] However, the price of death was considered a great one. Compassion (Love for the underdog) All; None Prev; 1; Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. These Greek mythology projects and activities include full text versions of a variety of Ancient Greek myths, telling the tales of the Olympians and other Greek Gods and Goddesses. He is the universal principle. Most of all, Pericles paid artisans to build temples read more, The warrior Achilles is one of the great heroes of Greek mythology. Hesiod most famously describes Tartarus as being as far beneath the underworld as the earth is beneath the sky. [3][4] Darkness and a lack of sunlight are common features associated with the underworld[5][6] and, in this way, provide a direct contrast to both the 'normality' of the land of the living (where the sun shines) and also with the brightness associated with Mount Olympus (the realm of the gods). The Erinyes (also known as the Furies) were the three goddesses associated with the souls of the dead and the avenged crimes against the natural order of the world. d'Este, Sorita & Rankine, David, Hekate Liminal Rites, Avalonia, 2009. The river Lethe also flowed through the cave, and here its murmuring would induce drowsiness. More Greek words for underdog. , and was the area where punishment and imprisonment was undertaken; as such it was the normal location of the imprisoned Titans, Tantalus, Ixion and Sisyphus. When Persephone tried to pick it, the ground suddenly gave way beneath her. Why do Greek myths continue to be relevant and popular today? WATCH: Clash of the Gods on HISTORY Vault. [96], Orpheus, a poet and musician that had almost supernatural abilities to move anyone to his music, descended to the underworld as a living mortal to retrieve his dead wife Eurydice after she was bitten by a poisonous snake on their wedding day. The Odyssey (1997) Follows Odysseus on his wanderings back to Ithaca following the Trojan War. In the Greek underworld, the souls of the dead still existed, but they are insubstantial, and flitted around the underworld with no sense of purpose. Hesiod also contributed Works and Days, an epic poem about the agricultural arts which includes elements of myth. Of the beautiful hair, It sustained a role in all forms of Greek literature. The Peloponnesian War marked a significant power shift in ancient Greece, favoring Sparta, and also ushered in a period of regional decline that signaled the read more. Zeus (Jupiter, in Roman mythology): the king of all the gods (and father to many) and god of weather, law and fate, Hera (Juno): the queen of the gods and goddess of women and marriage, Aphrodite (Venus): goddess of beauty and love, Apollo (Apollo): god of prophesy, music and poetry and knowledge, Artemis (Diana): goddess of hunting, animals and childbirth, Athena (Minerva): goddess of wisdom and defense, Demeter (Ceres): goddess of agriculture and grain, Dionysus(Bacchus): god of wine, pleasure and festivity, Hephaestus(Vulcan): god of fire, metalworking and sculpture, Hermes (Mercury): god of travel, hospitality and trade and Zeuss personal messenger, Hestia (Vesta): goddess of home and family, Eros (Cupid): god of sex and minion to Aphrodite. The mythology of ancient Greece was the basis of their religion and culture. [1] In the mythology of Ancient Greece, Tartarus is famous for being the region of the Underworld: a region where eternal incarceration and punishment would occur. An underdog is the character that has the least likely chance of winning. Sometimes even blood offerings were made to appease the discontented spirits. The Geography of the Greek Underworld In Greek mythology, the common belief was that no-one who entered the Underworld would ever leave it, and so, in theory, there was no way for ancient writers to accurately describe the realm of Hades. 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